KnE Social Sciences

Published date: Oct 31 2025

Journal Title: KnE Social Sciences

Issue title: The 8th Legal International Conference and Studies (LICS 2025): Corporate Responsibility and Environmental Law Through Economic & Business Management Practices

Pages: 520 - 532

DOI: 10.18502/kss.v10i27.20088

Mustaqim FaizinMustaqim.std@unissula.ac.idDoctor of Law Program, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA), Semarang

Nickel mining in Raja Ampat, Southwest Papua, Indonesia, has attracted national and international attention due to its threats to biodiversity, indigenous peoples’ rights, and vulnerable ecosystems. This paper normatively analyzes the role of environmental law within the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) framework to examine the legal complexities of nickel mining activities in Raja Ampat. Using legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches, this study examines Indonesian environmental and mining laws, local regulations, and global commitments under the SDGs. The findings show that although Indonesia has a comprehensive legal framework (Law No. 32/2009 on Environmental Protection and Management and Law No. 3/2020 on Mineral and Coal Mining), there are significant normative gaps in implementation, harmonization, and enforcement, particularly regarding the protection of indigenous peoples and unique ecosystems such as Raja Ampat. The urgency of legal reform and strengthening legal recognition is very important so that economic development through mining does not sacrifice Indonesia’s commitment to the SDGs, especially Goals 13 (Addressing Climate Change), 14 (Marine Ecosystems), and 15 (Terrestrial Ecosystems). This paper recommends harmonization of national and regional laws, strengthening of indigenous peoples’ rights, and integration of environmental protection to realize truly sustainable resource management in Raja Ampat.

Keywords: customary, environmental, nickel, rights

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