KnE Social Sciences

Published date: Oct 31 2025

Journal Title: KnE Social Sciences

Issue title: The 8th Legal International Conference and Studies (LICS 2025): Corporate Responsibility and Environmental Law Through Economic & Business Management Practices

Pages: 469 - 484

DOI: 10.18502/kss.v10i27.20084

Pudiastuti Citra Adipudiastuticitraadi.std@unissula.ac.idUniversitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA), Semarang

A good environment is a constitutional right in Indonesia, regulated by Law No. 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management (Law on Environmental Protection and Management/UU PPLH). Hospitals, as producers of highly hazardous Hazardous and Toxic Materials (B3) waste, are obliged to manage it according to standards. However, illegal medical waste disposal practices still frequently occur. This research analyzes the contributing factors, legal regulations, and the application of strict liability for such issues. This study employs a normative legal method (juridical normative) with a literature review approach, examining the UU PPLH, relevant Government Regulations concerning B3 waste, and the Hospital Law. The analysis is conducted descriptively qualitatively on primary, secondary, and tertiary legal data. The results show that the UU PPLH explicitly regulates the criminal liability of hospitals for illegal medical waste disposal. Articles 103 and 104 of the UU PPLH threaten perpetrators with severe sanctions, while Articles 116 and 118 allow for direct criminal prosecution against corporations. The concept of strict liability (Strict Liability) is a key aspect, as stipulated in Articles 97, 103, and 104 of the UU PPLH. With this principle, penalties can be imposed merely by proving the existence of an illegal act that poses a threat or danger, without needing to prove the management’s motivation or degree of fault, in line with the ’polluter pays’ principle. To address this issue, it is recommended that the government increase incentives, infrastructure, and education for B3 waste management. Law enforcers must consistently apply criminal sanctions and the principle of strict liability. Meanwhile, hospitals must enhance management commitment and implement structured environmental management systems. These actions are expected to improve welfare and protect the environment and public health.

Keywords: criminal liability, hospitals, medical waste, strict liability

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