KnE Social Sciences

Published date: Oct 31 2025

Journal Title: KnE Social Sciences

Issue title: The 8th Legal International Conference and Studies (LICS 2025): Corporate Responsibility and Environmental Law Through Economic & Business Management Practices

Pages: 422 - 435

DOI: 10.18502/kss.v10i27.20079

Dian Arfiantodianarfiantoo@gmail.comDoctoral of Law Program, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA), Semarang

The global climate crisis has become a real threat that demands a comprehensive legal response, especially in the forestry sector, as the main pillar of carbon emission mitigation. This study aims to analyze the weaknesses and disharmony of law in forest governance in Indonesia and to formulate strategies for optimizing climate change mitigation through harmonization of national and international laws. The method used is normative juridical with a descriptive-qualitative approach, examining national legal instruments such as Law No. 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry, Presidential Instruction No. 10 of 2011, and the moratorium policy through Presidential Instruction No. 6 of 2013, which is linked to international commitments such as the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement. The results of the study show that national regulations have not fully adopted the principles of international environmental law, such as intergenerational justice, prudence, and sustainable development. There are overlaps, weaknesses in legal substance, and weak effectiveness of law enforcement. By using the theory of justice as the Grand Theory, the theory of legal effectiveness as the Middle Range Theory, and the theory of the formation of laws and regulations as the Applied Theory, this study recommends legal harmonization as the main solution. Harmonization includes the integration of regulatory substance, improvement of institutional structures, and the formation of participatory, accountable, and ecologically oriented laws and regulations. This effort is an absolute requirement to make the forestry sector a strategic instrument in dealing with the climate emergency fairly and sustainably.

Keywords: ecological, justice, law, mitigation

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