KnE Social Sciences

Published date: Oct 31 2025

Journal Title: KnE Social Sciences

Issue title: The 8th Legal International Conference and Studies (LICS 2025): Corporate Responsibility and Environmental Law Through Economic & Business Management Practices

Pages: 352 - 363

DOI: 10.18502/kss.v10i27.20073

Toni Triyantotonitriyanto@unissula.ac.idDoctoral of Law Program, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA), Semarang

This study examines the legal protection of marine conservation areas in Indonesia in response to the detrimental impacts of mining activities. As an archipelagic state, Indonesia possesses vast marine territories that are vital for ecological sustainability and national prosperity. However, mining operations—both legal and illegal—have increasingly encroached upon coastal zones and small islands, causing severe environmental degradation and threatening biodiversity. Using normative legal research, this paper explores existing national and international regulatory frameworks, including the Coastal Zone Law, the Environmental Protection Law, and international conventions such as UNCLOS and the Convention on Biological Diversity. The study finds that while Indonesia has a comprehensive set of laws to manage and protect marine areas, enforcement remains inconsistent, especially in ecologically sensitive areas such as Raja Ampat and Bangka Island. The paper emphasizes the importance of state responsibility, environmental democracy, and community participation in marine conservation. It concludes that robust legal mechanisms, preventive and repressive legal protections, and corporate accountability through environmental impact assessments and CSR initiatives are essential to safeguard marine ecosystems from mining-related damage.

Keywords: conservation, legal, protection

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