KnE Social Sciences

Published date: Oct 31 2025

Journal Title: KnE Social Sciences

Issue title: The 8th Legal International Conference and Studies (LICS 2025): Corporate Responsibility and Environmental Law Through Economic & Business Management Practices

Pages: 178 - 191

DOI: 10.18502/kss.v10i27.20060

Dini Fitri Amaliaamaliadini.unissula@gmail.comFaculty of Law, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA), Semarang

Akhmad MundakirFaculty of Law, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA), Semarang

‎ SukirnoFaculty of Law, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA), Semarang

The global environmental crisis has reached a critical point that threatens the sustainability of life on earth, including increasing global temperature, mass extinction of species, and ecosystem degradation. Indonesia as a mega-biodiverse country faces major challenges in balancing economic growth and environmental preservation. This study specifically highlighted nickel mining cases in Raja Ampat, which had a direct impact on damage to the marine environment and violations of indigenous peoples’ rights. It aims to analyze the empirical, ecological, and social impacts of nickel mining, assess the contradiction of national policy on international human rights legal instruments, and provide policy recommendations based on ecological justice. The method used is a juridical-normative and sociological approach with literature studies, regulatory analyses, and secondary data. The findings show that mining projects have violated the principle of free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC), ignored the existence of indigenous peoples, and damaged the important ecosystem of the world. Therefore, regulation and ratification of international instruments is needed to strengthen the protection of environmental rights as an integral part of human rights.

Keywords: environmental crisis, human rights, indigenous peoples, nickel mining

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