KnE Social Sciences

Published date: Sep 18 2025

Journal Title: KnE Social Sciences

Issue title: The Mercu Buana Ecobiz Energy International Conference: Human Capital and Youth Involvement for Sustainable Energy

Pages: 213 - 225

DOI: 10.18502/kss.v10i23.19767

Ali Hanafiah ali.hanafiah@mercubuana.ac.idFaculty of Business and Economics, Universitas Mercu Buana, Jakarta

Indonesia’s motorcycle culture presents a unique landscape for electric vehicle (EV) adoption. This study explores electric motorcycle (E-motorcycle) adoption intentions among Gen Z in Indonesia’s Jabodetabek area. It investigates the factors influencing the intention to use electric motorcycles using the extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) model. We examine the influence of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, along with additional factors like environmental concern, among Gen Z. The findings will offer valuable insights into the psychological and contextual determinants shaping Gen Z’s transportation choices in a metropolitan area like Jabodetabek, informing strategies to promote sustainable mobility solutions for the future.

Keywords: electric vehicle, adoption, gen z, extended TPB, environmental concerns

[1] CNN. Indonesia is positioned as the 17th country worldwide with the most severe air quality. CNN Indonesia; 2022.

[2] Ahdiat A. Kualitas Udara di Kota Besar Indonesia Buruk, Jauh dari Standar WHO. Databoks [Internet]. 2023; Available from: https://databoks.katadata.co.id/ datapublish/2023/03/29/kualitas-udara-di-kota-besar-indonesia-buruk-jauh-daristandar- who

[3] Sierzchula W, Bakker S, Maat K, Van Wee B. The influence of financial incentives and other socio-economic factors on electric vehicle adoption. Energy Policy. 2014;68:183–94.

[4] Jayani DH. Proporsi populasi generasi Z dan milenial terbesar di Indonesia. Katadata. Databoks; 2021. p. 24.

[5] Firmansyah F, Purnamasari PE, Djakfar M. Religiusitas, lingkungan dan pembelian green product pada konsumen generasi Z. Iqtishoduna: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam. 2019;15(1):57–70.

[6] Schuitema G, Anable J, Skippon S, Kinnear N. The role of instrumental, hedonic and symbolic attributes in the intention to adopt electric vehicles. Transp Res Part A Policy Pract. 2013;48:39–49.

[7] Bamberg S, Möser G. Twenty years after Hines, Hungerford, and Tomera: A new meta-analysis of psycho-social determinants of pro-environmental behaviour. J Environ Psychol. 2007;27(1):14–25.

[8] Abou-Zeid M, Ben-Akiva M. The effect of social comparisons on commute well-being. Transp Res Part A Policy Pract. 2011;45(4):345–61.

[9] Ajzen I. The theory of planned behavior. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process. 1991;50(2):179–211.

[10] Nayum A, Klöckner CA. A comprehensive socio-psychological approach to car type choice. J Environ Psychol. 2014;40:401–11.

[11] Ramayah T, Lee JW, Lim S. Sustaining the environment through recycling: an empirical study. J Environ Manage. 2012;102:141–7.

[12] Tan CS, Ooi HY, Goh YN. A moral extension of the theory of planned behavior to predict consumers’ purchase intention for energy-efficient household appliances in Malaysia. Energy Policy. 2017;107:459–71.

[13] Kim Y, Han H. Intention to pay conventional-hotel prices at a green hotel–a modification of the theory of planned behavior. J Sustain Tour. 2010;18(8):997–1014.

[14] Khan MS, Hassan MK, Shahid AI. Banking behavior of Islamic bank customers in Bangladesh. Journal of Islamic Economics. Banking and Finance. 2007;3(2):159–94.

[15] Dhar S, Pathak M, Shukla P. Transport scenarios for India: Harmonising development and climate benefits. 2015;

[16] Hsu CL, Chang CY, Yansritakul C. Exploring purchase intention of green skincare prod- ucts using the theory of planned behavior: testing the moderating efects of country of origin and price sensitivity. J Retailing Consum Serv. 2017;34:145–52.

[17] Shalender K, Yadav RK. Promoting e-mobility in India: challenges, framework, and future roadmap. Environ Dev Sustain. 2018;20(6):2587–607.

[18] Li B, Zhang W, Wang J, Yi W. Research on recycling and utilization of solid waste in Civil Airport. In: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. IOP Publishing; 2018. p. 62039.

[19] Lane B, Potter S. The adoption of cleaner vehicles in the UK: exploring the consumer attitude–action gap. J Clean Prod. 2007;15(11–12):1085–92.

[20] Lieven T, Mühlmeier S, Henkel S, Waller JF. Who will buy electric cars? An empirical study in Germany. Transp Res Part D Transp Environ. 2011;16(3):236–43.

[21] Moons I, De Pelsmacker P. Emotions as determinants of electric car usage intention. J Mark Manage. 2012;28(3–4):195–237.

[22] Ozaki R, Sevastyanova K. Going hybrid: an analysis of consumer purchase motivations. Energy Policy. 2011;39(5):2217–27.

[23] Egbue O, Long S. Barriers to widespread adoption of electric vehicles: an analysis of consumer attitudes and perceptions. Energy Policy. 2012;48:717–29.

[24] Skippon S, Garwood M. Responses to battery electric vehicles: UK consumer attitudes and attributions of symbolic meaning following direct experience to reduce psychological distance. Transp Res Part D Transp Environ. 2011;16(7):525–31.

[25] Carley S, Krause RM, Lane BW, Graham JD. Intent to purchase a plug-in electric vehicle: A survey of early impressions in large US cites. Transp Res Part D Transp Environ. 2013;18:39–45.

[26] Kaplan S, Gruber J, Reinthaler M, Klauenberg J. Intentions to introduce electric vehicles in the commercial sector: A model based on the theory of planned behaviour. Res Transp Econ. 2016;55:12–9.

[27] Sun Y, Wang S. Understanding consumers’ intentions to purchase green products in the social media marketing context. Asia Pac J Mark Log. 2020;32(4):860–78.

[28] Shalender K, Sharma N. Using extended theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to predict adoption intention of electric vehicles in India. Environ Dev Sustain. 2021;23(1):665– 81.

[29] Johari C, Keni K. Pengaruh product quality, attitude of customers dan perceived behavioral control terhadap purchase intention pada umkm produk kue. Jurnal Muara Ilmu Ekonomi Dan Bisnis. 2022;6(2):340–51.

[30] Hair J Jr, Page M, Brunsveld N. Essentials of business research methods. Routledge; 2019. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429203374.

[31] Permana R, Yuliati E, Wulandari P. Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi konsumen terhadap purchase intention kendaraan listrik di indonesia. INOBIS: Jurnal Inovasi Bisnis Dan Manajemen Indonesia. 2023;6(2):217–32.

[32] Sarstedt M, Ringle CM, Hair JF. Partial least squares structural equation modeling. Handbook of market research. Springer; 2021. pp. 587–632.