Gulf Education and Social Policy Review
ISSN: 2709-0191
Pioneering research on education and social policy in the Gulf region.
Positive Education in the United Arab Emirates: Navigating Through and Beyond the Global Pandemic
Published date: Jan 16 2023
Journal Title: Gulf Education and Social Policy Review
Issue title: Gulf Education and Social Policy Review (GESPR): Volume 3, Issue 2
Pages: 168–198
Authors:
Abstract:
Drawing on data from the emirate of Ras Al Khaimah (RAK) in the UAE, this study looks at using Positive Education (PE) to build strengths, competencies, well-being, and toughness in educational communities, to combat learning loss before and during the pandemic. We were interested in understanding how educational leaders, teachers, and students perceive PE and its impact on student well-being, as well as how well-equipped they were to handle the effects of the pandemic after participating in PE. Using qualitative data from semi-structured in-person interviews, focus groups, classroom observations, and document analysis, this study argues that PE supported students in coping with stressors associated with the pandemic. We show three significant findings. First, we found that the pandemic impacted student well-being in numerous academic and nonacademic ways. Second, our results demonstrate that PE was helpful in supporting student resilience and well-being during the pandemic. Third, data show that because PE was rolled out just before the pandemic began, the pandemic curtailed its full implementation. We conclude by recommending a whole school approach to PE that includes family members since the pandemic revealed that when students are engaged in remote learning or otherwise not face-to-face at school, it is critical that parents/families can support youth who may be struggling. Finally, we note the need for school-based support, like PE, to engender student resiliency.
Keywords: Positive education, Global pandemic, Social–emotional learning, Learning loss
References:
[1] Adelman, H. S., & Taylor, L. (2000). Moving prevention from the fringes into the fabric of school improvement. Journal of Educational & Psychological Consultation, 11(1), 7-36. https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532768Xjepc1101_03
[2] Arguís-Rey, R., Bolsas-Valero, A. P., Hernández-Paniello, S., & Salvador-Monge, M. M. (2012). The happy classrooms programme. Positive psychology applied to education. http://educaposit.blogspot.com/
[3] Ball, S. J. (2016). Following policy: Networks, network ethnography and education policy mobilities. Journal of Education Policy, 31(5), 549-66. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2015.1122232
[4] Braun, V. & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101.
[5] Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2012). Thematic analysis. In H. Cooper, P. M. Camic, D. L. Long, A. T. Panter, D. Rindskopf, & K. J. Sher (Eds.), APA handbook of research methods in psychology, Vol. 2. Research designs: Quantitative, qualitative, neuropsychological, and biological (pp. 57-71). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/13620-004
[6] Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning [CASEL]. (2014). Social and emotional learning core competencies. http://www.casel.org/social-andemotional- learning/core-competencies/
[7] Challenge Success. (2021). Kids under pressure. https://www.challengesuccess.org/ wp-content/uploads/2021/02/CS-NBC-Study-Kids-Under-Pressure-PUBLISHED.pdf
[8] Das, D. K. (2011). Conceptual globalism and globalization: An initiation. Solbridge International School of Business, Woosong University. Retrieved from https://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/pais/research/researchcentres
[9] Dawson, M. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 on student academic growth in 2020-2021 (Curriculum Associates Research Report No. 19). Retrieved from https://www.curriculumassociates.com/-/media/mainsite/files/i-ready/iready-covidgrowth- research-paper-2021.pdf
[10] Demaray. (2022). COVID-19 stress and coping and associations with internalizing problems in 4th through 12th grade students. School Psychology Review, 51(2), 150- 169. https://doi.org/10.1080/2372966X.2020.1869498
[11] Durlak, J. A., Weissberg, R. P., Dymnicki, A. B., Taylor, R. D., & Schellinger, K. B. (2011). The impact of enhancing students’ social and emotional learning: A metaanalysis of school-based universal interventions. Child Development, 82(1), 405-432. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01564.x
[12] Elias, M. J., Zins, J. E., Weissberg, R. P., Frey, K. S., Greenberg, M. T., Haynes, N. M., et al. (1997). Promoting social and emotional learning: Guidelines for educators. Alexandria: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
[13] Embassy of the UAE. (n.d.). Educaion in the UAE. https://www.uaeembassy. org/discover-uae/society/education-in-the-uae
[14] Emirates News Agency. (2019, August 6). UAE Cabinet approves national strategy for wellbeing 2031 [Press release]. http://wam.ae/en/details/1395302766847
[15] Goleman, D. (1998). Working with emotional intelligence. Bantam Books.
[16] Green. S., Leach, C., & Falecki, D. (2021). Approaches to positive education. In M. L. Kern & M. L. Wehmeyer (Eds.), The Palgrave handbook of positive education (pp. 21-48). Palgrave Macmillan.
[17] Greenberg, M. T., Weissberg, R. P., O’Brien, M. U., Zins, J. E., Fredericks, L., Resnik, H., et al. (2003). Enhancing school-based prevention and youth development through coordinated social, emotional, and academic learning. American Psychologist, 58(6- 7), 466-474. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0003-066X.58.6-7.466
[18] Karboul, A. (2020, December 4). COVID-19 put 1.6 billion children out of school. Here’s how to upgrade education post-pandemic. Retrieved from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/12/covid19-education-innovation-outcomes/
[19] Kern, M. L., & Wehmeyer, M. L. (2021). Introduction and overview. In M. L. Kern & M. L. Wehmeyer (eds.), The Palgrave handbook of positive education (pp. 1-20). Palgrave Macmillan.
[20] Kuhfeld, M., Soland, J., Tarasawa, B., Johnson, A., Ruzek, E., & Liu, J. (2020). Projecting the potential Impact of COVID-19 school closures on academic achievement. Educational Researcher, 49(8), 549-565.
[21] Lange, M. (2013). Comparative-historical methods. SAGE Publications.
[22] Lewis, K., Kuhfeld, M., Ruzek, E., & McEachin, A. (2021). Learning during COVID-19: Reading and math achievement in the 2020-21 school year. NWEA. https://www.nwea.org/content/uploads/2021/07/Learning-during-COVID-19- Reading-and-math-achievement-in-the-2020-2021-school-year.research-brief-1.pdf
[23] Maguire, M., & Delahunt, B. (2017). Doing a thematic analysis: A practical, step-by-step guide for learning and teaching scholars. All Ireland Journal of Higher Education, 9(3).
[24] Matsumoto, A. (2019). Literature review on education reform in the UAE. International Journal of Educational Reform, 28(1), 4-23. https://doi.org/10.1177/1056787918824188
[25] Middleton, K. V. (2020). The longer term impact of COVID-19 on K-12 student learning and assessment. Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 39(3), 41-44. https://doi.org/10.1111/emip.12368
[26] Minkos, M. L., & Gelbar, N. W. (2021). Considerations for educators in supporting student learning in COVID-19. Psychology in the Schools, 58(2), 416-426. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22454
[27] Nantais, M., St. Martin, K., A., & Barnes, A. C. (2014). Best practices in facilitating professional development of school personnel in delivering multitiered services. In P. L. Harrison & A. Thomas (Eds.), Best practices in school psychology: Systems-level services, (pp. 71-82). National Association of School Psychologists.
[28] Ng, A., & Vella-Brodrick, D. A. (2019). Towards a cross-disciplinary framework for promoting youth well-being. International Journal of Wellbeing, 9(4), 26-42. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v9i4.999
[29] Norrish, J. M., Williams, P., O’Connor, M., & Robinson, J. (2013). An applied framework for positive education. International Journal of Wellbeing, 3, 147-161. doi:10.5502/ijw.v3i2.2
[30] Oades, L. G., Robinson, P., Green, S., & Spence, G. B. (2011). Towards a positive university. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 6(6), 432-439. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2011.634828
[31] OECD. (2015). Education policy outlook 2015: Better skills, better jobs, better lives: A strategic approach to education and skills policies for the United Arab Emirates. OECD.
[32] Peck, J., & Theodore, N. (2012). Follow the policy: A distended case approach. Environment and Planning, 44(1), 21-30.
[33] Pedrosa, Bitencourt, L. L., Fróes, A. C. F. A. C. F., Cazumbá, M. L. B. M. L. B., Campos, R. G. B. R. G. B., de Brito, S. B. C. S. S. B. C. S., & Simões e Silva, A. C. A. C. (2020). Emotional, behavioral, and psychological impact of the covid-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 566212-566212. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.566212
[34] Pennington, R. (2016). Education reforms put UAE pupils on track for better learning. The National News. https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/education/educationreforms- put-uae-pupils-on-track-for-better-learning-1.139060
[35] Samways, M., Teasel, S., Waldrop, R. J., Chiao, E.-L., & Warren, M. A. (2019). Positive education in Dubai: A pilot study of teacher experiences. Middle East Journal of Positive Psychology, 5(1), 97-104.
[36] Santibañez, L., & Guarino, C. M. (2021). The effects of absenteeism on academic and social–emotional outcomes: Lessons for COVID-19. Educational Researcher, 50(6), 392-400. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X21994488
[37] Scott, J., Jaber, L. S., & Rinaldi, C. M. (2021). Trauma-informed school strategies for SEL and ACE concerns during COVID-19. Education Sciences, 11(12), 796. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11120796
[38] Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). Flourishing. Nicholas Brealey Publishings.
[39] Seligman, M. E. P., Ernst, R. M., Gillham, J., Reivich, K., & Linkins, M. (2009). Positive education: Positive psychology and classroom interventions. Oxford Review of Education, 35, 293-311. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054980902934563
[40] Sheikh Saud bin Saqr Al Qasimi Foundation for Policy Research. (2020). Education in the United Arab Emirates and Ras Al Khaimah [Fact Sheet]. Sheikh Saud bin Saqr Al Qasimi Foundation for Policy Research. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/aqf.0154
[41] Shoshani, A., & Slone, M. (2017). Positive education for young children: Effects of a positive psychology intervention for preschool children on subjective wellbeing and learning behaviors. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1866.
[42] Simpson, M., & Tuson, J. (2003). Using observations in small-scale research: A beginner’s guide (revised edition). The Scree Center: University of Glasgow.
[43] Slemp, G. R., Chin, T. C., Kern, M. L., Siokou, C., Loton, D., Oades, L. G., … & Waters, L. (2017). Positive education in Australia: Practice, measurement, and future directions. In E. Frydenberg, A. E. Martin, & J. R. Collie (Eds.), Social and emotional learning in Australia and the Asia-Pacific (pp. 101-122). Springer.
[44] Tabari, R. (2014). Education reform in the UAE: An investigation of teachers’ views of change and factors impeding reforms in Ras Al Khaimah schools. Ras Al Khaima, UAE: The Sheikh Saud bin Saqr Al Qasimi Foundation for Policy Research.
[45] Thomas, F. (2019). The UAE: Proactive initiatives in positive education. https://www.relocatemagazine.com/articles/education-schools-fiona-thomas-middleeast- gess-the-uae-proactive-initiatives-in-positive-education
[46] Tsolou, O., Babalis, T., & Tsoli, K. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on education: social exclusion and dropping out of school. Creative Education, 12, 529-544.
[47] UAE, Ministry of Education. (2018). Network of ‘Positive Schools’ launched in UAE. https://www.moe.gov.ae/En/ImportantLinks/Documents/matrix/ MOEducationSystem2020-2021.pdf
[48] UAE, Ministry of Education. (2020). Academic year 2020- 210 - The National Education System: United Arabic Emirates. https://www.moe.gov.ae/en/mediacenter/news/pages/positivityschool1.aspx
[49] UAE. (2021). Happiness. https://u.ae/en/about-the-uae/the-uae-government/ government-of-future/happiness
[50] US Department of Education. (2011a). 30th Annual Report to Congress on the Implementation of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, 2008. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED557417.pdf
[51] Varghese. (2021). Coping with the pandemic: Implementing social and emotional learning in the California K-12 school system. Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 8(2), 136-142. https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322211033003
[52] Vaughn, S., Schumm, J. S., & Sinagub, J. M. (1996). Focus groups and interviews in education and psychology. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications.
[53] Vision 2101. (2021). First-rate education system. https://www.vision2021.ae/en/ national-agenda-2021
[54] Warnica, E. (2010, April). Education reforms in Sultanate of Oman & United Arab Emirates ministries of education: What worked, what failed and why? [PowerPoint slides; Paper presentation]. The First Annual Gulf Comparative Education Society Symposium, Ras Al Khaima, UAE. http://gces2010.webs.com/Educational%20Reforms.ppt
[55] Waters, Allen, K.-A., & Arslan, G. (2021). Stress-related growth in adolescents returning to school after COVID-19 school closure. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 643443-643443. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.643443
[56] West, M. R., & Lake, R. (2021). How much have students missed academically because of the pandemic? A review of the evidence to date. Center for Reinventing Public Education. https://www.crpe.org/sites/default/files/8_5_final_ academic_impacts_report_2021.pdf
[57] White, M. A. (2013). Positive education at Geelong Grammar School. In I. Boniwell (Ed.), Oxford Handbook of Happiness. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199557257.013.0049 .
[58] White, M. A., Slemp, G. R., & Murray, A. S. (Eds.). (2017). Future directions in well-being: Education, organizations and policy. Switzerland: Springer Nature.
[59] World Bank. (2021, December 6). Learning losses from COVID-19 could cost this generation of students close to $17 trillion in lifetime earnings [Press release]. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2021/12/06/ learning-losses-from-covid-19-could-cost-this-generation-of-students-close-to-17-trillion-in-lifetime-earnings#:~: text=WASHINGTON%2C%20DC%2C%20Dec.,Bank%2C%20UNESCO%2C%20and%20UNICEF.
[60] Yang, C. (2021). Online teaching self-efficacy, social–emotional learning (SEL) competencies, and compassion fatigue among educators during the COVID-19 pandemic. School Psychology Review, 50(4), 505-518.
[61] Yaaqeib, S. (2014). A content analysis of an educational journal in the United Arab Emirates to evaluate indigenous elements: Toward building an indigenous knowledge base to inform educational reform [Graduate theses, dissertations, and problem reports]. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/145
[62] Yin, R. K. (2012). Case study methods. In H. Cooper, P. M. Camic, D. L. Long, A. T. Panter, D. Rindskopf, & K. J. Sher (Eds.), APA handbook of research methods in psychology, Vol. 2. Research designs: Quantitative, qualitative, neuropsychological, and biological (pp. 141-155). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/13620-004
[63] Zieher, A. K., Cipriano, C., Meyer, J. L., & Strambler, M. J. (2021). Educators’ implementation and use of social and emotional learning early in the COVID-19 pandemic. School Psychology, 36(5), 388-397. https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000461.supp (Supplemental)
[64] Zieher, A. K., Cipriano, C., Meyer, J. L., & Strambler, M. J. (2021). Educators’ implementation and use of social and emotional learning early in the COVID-19 pandemic. School Psychology, 36(5), 388. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/spq0000461
[65] Zins, J. E. (Ed.). (2004). Building academic success on social and emotional learning: What does the research say? Teachers College Press. References