KnE Social Sciences

Published date: Oct 13 2025

Journal Title: KnE Social Sciences

Issue title: The International Conference of Psychology 2025 (IcoPsy 2025)

Pages: 365 - 395

DOI: 10.18502/kss.v10i25.19915

Aura Syifa Maulana WinardiPsychology, State University of Malang, Semarang Street No. 5 Malang, East Java

Pravissi Shantipravissi.shanti.fppsi@um.ac.idPsychology, State University of Malang, Semarang Street No. 5 Malang, East Java

Early Child Education (ECD) daycare teachers face various complex emotional situations in daily interactions when caring for children. This study aims to understand the description of the emotional dynamics of PAUD daycare teachers. The method used in this research was qualitative with a phenomenological approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with six ECD daycare teachers. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The validity test of the data was carried out using triangulating techniques, which were done by matching the results of interviews with observations during the preliminary study. This research obtained the results that ECD daycare teachers feel negative emotions more intensely, and emotion regulation techniques applied by ECD daycare teachers include situation selection, situation modification, attentional deployment, cognitive change, and response modulation. There are factors that influence the emotional regulation of ECD daycare teachers, namely marital status, educational background, coworker relations, activities outside of care, and care trauma and the meaning of care for ECD daycare teachers. Based on the findings of this study, ECD daycare teachers are expected to conduct self-reflection to be better able to realize and appreciate the positive emotions felt and for agencies to organize activities that can strengthen emotional support among ECD daycare teachers.

Keywords: emotional dynamics, emotion regulation, ECD daycare teachers

[1] Afnita J, Latipah, E. Perkembangan Moral Anak Usia Dini Usia 0-6 Tahun dan Stimulasinya. YINYANG Jurnal Studi Islam Gender Dan Anak. 2021;289–306.

[2] Ajizi CA, Afifah W. Child Care for Parents Works in Human Rights. Journal of International Trade. Logistics and Law. 2024;10(1):52–7.

[3] Alijoyo A, Wijaya B, Jacob I. Structured or Semi-structured Interviews. Bandung: CRMS Indonesia; 2021.

[4] Amalia S, Muliasari A. “How is Parental Burnout in Working Moms?” Studies Based on Social Support and Parenting Self-efficacy. KnE Social Sciences; 2024. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v9i5.15198.

[5] Aninditha R, Boediman LM. Keterlibatan Ayah sebagai Moderator: Apakah Regulasi Emosi Ayah Memengaruhi Regulasi Emosi Anak Prasekolah. Jurnal Psikoislamika: Jurnal Psikologi dan Psikologi Islam. 2021;18(1), 228-242.

[6] Arnett JJ. Emerging adulthood. A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. Am Psychol. 2000 May;55(5):469–80.

[7] Barik R, Das S. Emotional Regulation Among Psychology and Non- Psychology Studying College Students. Int J Indian psychol. 2023;11(3).

[8] Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2006;3(2):77–101.

[9] Levine Brown E, Vesely CK, Mehta S, Stark K. Preschool Teachers’ Emotional Acting and School-Based Interactions. Early Child Educ J. 2023;51(4):615–26.

[10] Budiono LA, Masing M. Emosi dalam perspektif lintas budaya. INNOVATIVE Journal of Social Science Research. 2022b;2(1):579–84.

[11] Cooper M, Qui nones G, Salamon A, Stratigos T. “Oh, you’ve never done that before?!” Preservice teachers being ‘stirred in’ to unfamiliar practices with infants and toddlers. Early Years J Int Res Dev. 2023;43(3):513–27.

[12] Crow TM, Levy KN, Bradley B, Fani N, Powers A. The roles of attachment and emotion dysregulation in the association between childhood maltreatment and PTSD in an inner-city sample. Child Abuse Negl. 2021 Aug;118:105139.

[13] Creswell JW. Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Traditions. USA: Universitas Of Nebraska-Lincoln; 2015.

[14] Damayanti S, Erniwati E. (2024, April 30). Peran Orang Tua dan Guru dalam Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Damayanti | Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pendidik Dan Pengembang Pendidikan Indonesia. https://ejournal.mandalanursa.org/index.php/ProsPen/article/view/7691/5475

[15] Data sekolah - ECDdikdasmen. (n.d.-b). https://dapo.kemdikbud.go.id/sp

[16] Denham SA, Ferrier DE, Bassett HH. Preschool teachers’ socialization of emotion knowledge: considering socioeconomic Risk. J Appl Dev Psychol. 2020;69:101160.

[17] Fadilah R, Parinduri SA, Nurhayani. Forgiveness Therapy in Islamic Psychology Perspective: Healing the Inner Child Parenting Wounds. Psikis: Jurnal Psikologi Islami. 2024;10(2):386–98.

[18] Fahrunnisa F, Ramayani N, Aulia D, Imelia I, Riski M, Syahera S, et al. MEMAHAMI INNER CHILD DAN POLA PENGASUHANNYA PADA ANAK. Community Development Journal: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat. 2024;5(6):12029–37.

[19] Fan J, Li W, Lin M, Li X, Deng X. Effects of mindfulness and fatigue on emotional processing: an event-related potentials study. Front Behav Neurosci. 2023 May;17:1175067.

[20] Gath ME, Herold L, Hunkin E, McNair LJ, Redder B, Rutanen N, et al. Infants’ emotional and social experiences during and after the transition to early childhood education and care. J Early Child Res. 2023;22(1):88–105.

[21] Gross JJ, Jazaieri H. Emotion, emotion regulation, and psychopathology. Clin Psychol Sci. 2014;2(4):387–401.

[22] Gross JJ. Handbook of Emotion Regulation. 2nd ed. New York: Guilford Publications; 2014.

[23] Haase CM. Emotion regulation in couples across adulthood. Annu Rev Dev Psychol. 2023 Dec;5(1):399–421.

[24] Halfon N, Forrest CB, Lerner RM, Faustman EM. (2017b). Handbook of Life Course Health Development. In Springer eBooks. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47143-3.

[25] Hanurawan F. (2019). Metode penelitian kualitatif untuk ilmu psikologi (Ed. 1 Cet 2). Depok: Rajawali Pers

[26] Hasanah VR, Heryanto N, Zanella S, Saepudin A, Jubaedah Y. Commitment to Organization and Competency (Study on Caregivers in Daycare). Journal of Nonformal Education. 2019;5(2):145–53.

[27] Hasbi M, Rochaeni EG. Pengasuhan Positif. Jakarta: Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan; 2020.

[28] Hodgkins A, Gossman P, Paige R, Woolley R. ‘We cry together every day’ – expressing complex emotion in research with early childhood practitioners. Early Years J Int Res Dev. 2023;44(3–4):903–17.

[29] Isaacowitz DM. What do we know about aging and emotion regulation? Perspect Psychol Sci. 2022 Nov;17(6):1541–55.

[30] Kocyigit M, Uzun M. Emotion regulation and couple burnout in marriage: A moderated moderation model of authenticity, sex of parents and having children. Curr Psychol. 2025;44(5):3564–78.

[31] Kuppens P, Verduyn P. Looking at emotion regulation through the window of emotion dynamics. Psychol Inq. 2015;26(1):72–9.

[32] Murdiyanto E. METODE PENELITIAN KUALITATIF (Teori dan Aplikasi disertai Contoh Proposal). Yogyakarta: Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat UPN ”Veteran” Yogyakarta Press; 2020

[33] Malhotra RS. “Not everyone can do this”: childcare context and the practice of skill in emotional labor. Int J Child Care Educ Policy. 2022;16(1):8.

[34] Mikkelsen MB, O’Toole MS, Elkjaer E, Mehlsen M. The effect of age on emotion regulation patterns in daily life: findings from an experience sampling study. Scand J Psychol. 2024 Apr;65(2):231–9.

[35] Mondi CF, Magro SW, Rihal TK, Carlson EA. Burnout and perceptions of child behavior among childcare professionals. Early Child Educ J. 2024 Dec;52(8):1803– 14.

[36] Nasution IN, Septiani D. Perkembangan regulasi emosi anak dilihat dari peran keterlibatan ayah dalam pengasuhan. Psychopolytan: Jurnal Psikologi. 2017;1(1):23– 30.

[37] Norris CJ. The negativity bias, revisited: evidence from neuroscience measures and an individual differences approach. Soc Neurosci. 2021 Feb;16(1):68–82.

[38] Olsson I. Exploring the persistence of negative emotional memories over positive ones: a qualitative study. Int J Psychol Stud. 2024;16(4):26.

[39] Papalia DE, Martorell G. ISE Experience. Human development. 2021.

[40] Purnamasari A. Self-Disclosure and adapt communication in the new workplace. Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi. 2022;12(1):99–113.

[41] Puspitasari I, Maharani EA, Tarmuji A. Identifikasi Kemampuan Regulasi Emosi dalam Pengasuhan Anak Usia Dini di Yogyakarta. Aulad Journal on Early Childhood. 2022;5(3):393–400.

[42] Rahiem MD. Orang Tua dan Regulasi Emosi Anak Usia Dini. Aulad: Journal on Early Childhood. 2023;6(1):40–50.

[43] Ren X, Cai Y, Wang J, Chen O. A systematic review of parental burnout and related factors among parents. BMC Public Health. 2024 Feb;24(1):376.

[44] Roskam I, Aguiar J, Akgun E, Arikan G, Artavia M, Avalosse H, et al. Parental Burnout Around the Globe: a 42-Country Study. Affect Sci. 2021;2(1):58–79.

[45] Ryan O, Dablander F, Haslbeck JM. Toward a generative model for emotion dynamics. Psychol Rev. 2025 Mar;132(2):416–41.

[46] Wustmann Seiler C, Sticca F, Gasser-Haas O, Simoni H. Long-Term promotive and protective effects of early childcare quality on the Social– Emotional development in children. Front Psychol. 2022 May;13:854756.

[47] Setiyowati H, Rachmah LL. Peran Guru Sebagai Pendamping Tumbuh Kembang Anak di PAUD RA Perwanida Sumberjo. BOCIL: J of Childh Educ, Devel and Paren. 2020;2(1). https://doi.org/10.28926/bocil.v2i1.1316.

[48] Sharma P, Sen MS, Sinha UK, Kumar D. Childhood Trauma, Emotional Regulation, Alexithymia, and Psychological Symptoms Among Adolescents: A Mediational Analysis. Indian J Psychol Med. 2024 Aug;02537176241258251.

[49] Silkenbeumer J, Lüken LM, Holodynski M, Kärtner J. Emotion socialization in Early Childhood Education and care – How preschool teachers support children’s emotion regulation. Social and Emotional Learning Research Practice and Policy. 2024;4:100057.

[50] Sumardianto E. Penerapan Formulasi Strategi Daycare Islami: Studi Kasus Daycare “X” Surabaya 2023. Tanzhim: Jurnal Dakwah Terprogram. 2024;2(1):95–116.

[51] UNICEF [Internet]. Early childhood development - UNICEF data. [cited 2025 Aug 12]. Available from: https://data.unicef.org/topic/early-childhood-development/overview/

[52] Wardhani RD. DASAR PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI MENUJU PENDIDIKAN SEKOLAH DASAR [ JECE]. Journal of Early Childhood Education. 2023;4(2):89–99.

[53] WHO. IMPROVING EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT: WHO Guideline. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020.

[54] Wijayanto A, Novitasari K, Dewi AA. Problems in working mothers in early children’s care. Edukasi. 2022;16(2):159–65.

[55] Yakupova V, Suarez A. Parental burnout, depression and emotional development of the preschoolers. Front Psychol. 2023 Jun;14:1207569.

[56] Yan S, Azmi A, Mansor N, Wang Z, Wang Y. Healing Spaces as a Design Approach to Optimize Emotional Regulation for Patients with Mood Disorders. Buildings (Basel). 2024b;14(2):472.

[57] Ye X, Ahmad NA, Burhanuddin NA, Na M, Li D. Preschool Teachers’ Emotional Competence and Teacher Self-Efficacy towards Preschool Performance in Zhejiang Province of China. Behav Sci (Basel). 2024 Mar;14(4):280.

[58] Yılmazer E. Hormonal underpinnings of emotional regulation bridging endocrinology and psycholog. Üha. 2024;11(2), 60–75. https://doi.org/10.32739/uha.jnbs.11.1539123.

[59] Zimmer-Gembeck MJ, Rudolph J, Kerin J, Bohadana-Brown G. Parent emotional regulation: A meta-analytic review of its association with parenting and child adjustment. Int J Behav Dev. 2021c;46(1):63–82.

[60] Zhang L, Xu Y, Funkhouser CJ, Monteleone AM, Yu X. Childhood trauma, emotion regulation, peer attachment, and family functioning: A longitudinal network analysis. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2024;166:107900.

[61] Zitzmann J, Rombold-George L, Rosenbach C, Renneberg B. Emotion Regulation, Parenting, and Psychopathology: A Systematic Review. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2024 Mar;27(1):1–22.