KnE Life Sciences

Published date: Aug 12 2025

Journal Title: KnE Life Sciences

Issue title: The 6th International Conference on Technology, Education, and Social Science (6th ICTESS): Science and Technology

Pages: 152 - 168

DOI: 10.18502/kls.v9i1.19329

Aldi Budi Riyantaaldi.kimor@gmail.comDiploma Program of Pharmacy Politeknik Harapan Bersama, Tegal

Wilda AmanantiDiploma Program of Pharmacy Politeknik Harapan Bersama, Tegal

‎ NurbaetyDiploma Program of Pharmacy Politeknik Harapan Bersama, Tegal

Firda AuliaDiploma Program of Pharmacy Politeknik Harapan Bersama, Tegal

Used cooking oil is a waste product with potential for value-added applications, one of which is as a solvent for extracting ginger oil. Ginger contains essential oils with anti-inflammatory properties, but the oil yield is relatively low, requiring an efficient extraction method where the solvent does not need to be separated, like used cooking oil. Simultaneously, leaf waste can be converted into activated charcoal to adsorb impurities from used oil, enhancing its suitability for extraction. This study aimed to evaluate the physico-chemical properties of used oil treated with activated charcoal from leaf waste and its effectiveness in extracting ginger oil. The treated oil was used in solvent extraction of ginger rhizomes, followed by organoleptic evaluation, physico-chemical analysis, anti-inflammatory testing, and GC-MS profiling. The results showed that the optimal ratio of ginger to adsorbed used cooking oil was 1:1, yielding a gingerol content of 11.6%, camphene 3.75%, and eucalyptol 6.79%. This formulation demonstrated an anti-inflammatory effect of 59.18%, comparable to that of pure ginger oil, with a contact time of 4.55 hours and a first-order reaction rate.

Keywords: used cooking oil, extraction, adsorption, leaf waste, activated charcoal, ginger oil

[1] Lopresto CG, De Paola MG, Calabrò V. Importance of the properties, collection, and storage of waste cooking oils to produce high-quality biodiesel – An overview. Biomass Bioenergy. 2024;189(April):107363.

[2] Mardina P, Faradina E, Setiawati N. Decrease in Acid Number in Used Cooking Oil. J. Kim. 2012;6(2):196–200.

[3] Damayanti F, Supriyatin T, Supriyatin T. Utilization of Used Cooking Oil Waste as an Effort to Increase Community Awareness of the Environment. Din. J. Pengabdi. Kpd. Masy. 2020;5(1):161–8.

[4] Simsek S, Uslu S. Comparative evaluation of the influence of waste vegetable oil and waste animal oil-based biodiesel on diesel engine performance and emissions. Fuel. 2020;280:118613.

[5] R. Efendi, H. Aulia, N. Faiz, and E. R. Firdaus, “Biodiesel Production From Waste Cooking Oil By Esterification-Transesterification Methods Based on Amount of Used Cooking Oi,” Ind. Res., no. 7182, p. 2,4, 2018.

[6] Saeyang R, Nissapa A. Trade competitiveness in the global market: an analysis of four palm oil products from Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. Int J Agric Technol. 2021;17(3):1077–94.

[7] Ferius S, Efar P, Mansur S, Gunardi H. The Effect of Baby Massage Using Mineral Oil or Coconut Oil on Weight Gain in Nenonatus Aterm. Sari Pediatr. 2016;10(4):219.

[8] Putri SH, Zain S. Business Development of the Jasmine Flower Farmer Group ‘Berkah’ in Pemalang Regency [Online,. Available: http://jurnal.unpad.ac.id/justin]. J. Ind. Pertan. 2020;2(3):166–72.

[9] Purba J, Susanti N, Tua F, Panggabean M, Dibyantini RE. Herbal Plants Become Downstream Massage Oil of Medan Tembung District, Medan City. Semin. Nas. Pengabdi. Kpd. Masy. 2021;(September):61–5.

[10] Apsari DP, Setiawati NL. “Experimental Study on the Effectiveness of Massage with Clove Essential Oil on the Functional Status of Osteoarthritis Patients,” MPI (Media Pharm. Indones. 2021;3(3):188–96.


[11] Muchtar M, Fitrika M, Hanani D, Ikhsan D. “Effect of time and type of absorbent on the enfleurization process of jasmine flowers ( Jasminum Sambac),” Teknol. Kim. dan Ind., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 93–97, 2013.

[12] Suryandari ET. Used Cooking Oil Refining Training. Purification of Used Cooking Tray with Banana Peel. Pemurnian Miny. Jelantah Dengan Kulit Pisang. 2014;14(1):57–70.

[13] N. Nasir, Nurhaeni, and Musafira, “The Use of Kepok Banana Peel Activated Charcoal as an Adsorbent to Reduce Peroxide and Fatty Acid-Free Rates of Used Cooking Oil,”. J Sci Technol. 2014;3(1):18–30.

[14] Setyawati H, Putra MS, Azarine EN. Utilization of Waste (Dried Bagasse, Dried Banana Peel, Dried Pineapple Peel) in the Purification of Used Cooking Oil. Pros. SENIATI. 2022;6(3):520–6.

[15] Mumtazah L. D.; Lutfi; Agus, and D. Ramdansyah, “Comparative Study of Post-Marriage Nationality Of Women in Legal Systems of Different Countries International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Under- standing The Utilization of Kampung Coconut Fruit (Cocos Nucifera) for a Herbal Massage Oil as a,” pp. 517–522, 2020, [Online]. Available: http://ijmmu.comhttp//dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v7i11.2291.

[16] Mahboubi M. Zingiber officinale Rosc. essential oil, a review on its composition and bioactivity. Clin. Phytoscience. 2019;5(1):1–12.

[17] Suirta IW. Preparation of Biodiesel from Palm Oil. J. Kim. 2009;3(1):1–6.

[18] Pakpahan JF, Tambunan T, Harimby A, Ritonga MY. FFA and Color Reduction from Used Cooking Oil with Coconut Fiber and Straw Adsorbents. J. Tek. Kim. USU. 2013;2(1):31–6.

[19] Elmitra OA, Sepriani TL. Anti-Inflammatory Effectiveness Test of Ethanol Extract of Cayenne Pepper Leaf (Solanum frutescens. L) in Male Mice (Mus muscullus) by Caraagentan Induction Method. J. Akad. Farm. Pray. 2019;4(2):2–12.

[20] Supardan MD. Ruslan, Satriana, and N. Arpi, “Hydrodistillation of Ginger Oil (Zingiber Officinale Rosc.) Using Ultrasonic Waves,” Reaktor, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 239–244, 2009, [Online]. Available: https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/reaktor/article/view/1544/1301

[21] Danish M, Nizami M. Complete fatty acid analysis data of flaxseed oil using GC-FID method. Data Brief. 2019 Mar;23:103845.

[22] Tyagi T, Agarwal M. Phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis of ethanol ACN extract. J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2017;6(1):195–206. DOI 10.18502/23 Page 167 6th ICTESS: Science and Technology

[23] Hartono OA, Purnomo FO, Waluyo DA, Alam T, Madiabu MJ. Study of kinetic and adsorption isotherm of ibuprofen on mcm-41 synthesized with rice husk. Pharmaciana. 2024;14(2):108.

[24] Badriyah L, Putri MP. Kinetics of Egg Shell Adsorption in Blue Methylene Dyes. Alchemy J. Chem. 2017;5(3):86–91.

[25] Haryanto B, Nasution IT, Polem AF, Tambun R, Alexander V. Natural adsorbent of corncob (Zea mays L.) powder capability in purification of used cooking oil with shaking operation based on turbidity. Results Eng. 2023;19( June):101233.

[26] Zhai Y, Yu K, Cai S, Hu L, Amoo O, Xu L, et al. Targeted mutagenesis of BnTT8 homologs controls yellow seed coat development for effective oil production in Brassica napus L. Plant Biotechnol J. 2020 May;18(5):1153–68.