Journal of Ophthalmic and Vision Research

Published date: Jun 13 2025

Journal Title: Journal of Ophthalmic and Vision Research

Issue title: ‎Volume 20 - 2025

Pages: 1 - 9

DOI: 10.18502/jovr.v20.15066

Masoud Khorrami-Nezhadop_khorrami@yahoo.comOptometry Department, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran

Mohamad Reza Akbarimrakbari83@hotmail.comTranslational Ophthalmology Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran

Ali Hassan Khaleelalialshok2016@gmail.comOptometry Department, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran

Razieh BahreiniBahr4360@pacificu.eduVision Science Department, Pacific University College of Optometry, Forest Grove, Oregon

Froozan Narooie-Noorif.narooie.opt@gmail.comOptometry Department, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran

Babak Masoomiandr.masoomian@yahoo.comTranslational Ophthalmology Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran

Purpose: To compare refractive error and angle of deviation in patients with congenital esotropia (CET) and congenital exotropia (CXT).
Methods: This retrospective study reviewed the medical documents of 246 patients with CET (n = 206) and CXT (n = 40) admitted to Farabi Eye Hospital, Iran, from 2012 to 2022. All patients were between 6 and 12 months old at the time of admission. Refractive error components and angles of deviation in these patients were recorded and analyzed.
Results: In patients with CET, the mean sphere, cylinder, and spherical equivalent (SE) were 2.59 ± 2.28 diopters (D), –0.42 ± 0.57 D, and 2.38 ± 2.28 D, respectively. Also, the mean horizontal deviation at near was 45.5 ± 12.3 prism diopters (Δ) (range, 20–98 Δ). The most common range was 44–55 Δ (40%), followed by 33–44 Δ (28%) and 55–65 Δ (12%). On the other hand, the mean sphere, cylinder, and SE in patients with CXT were 1.88 ± 1.84 D, –0.39 ± 0.69 D, and 1.69 ± 1.74 D, respectively. Also, the mean horizontal deviation at near was 45.0 ± 17.1 Δ (range, 20–105 Δ). For the CXT group, deviation ranges of 33–44 Δ (37%), 44–55 Δ (32%), and 22–33 Δ (15%) were most prevalent. The mean sphere and SE were significantly higher in the CET group than in the CXT group (P = 0.010).
Conclusion: This study found a distinct refractive profile and distribution of the angle of deviation in patients with CET versus CXT. Patients with CET demonstrated significantly greater hyperopia than those with CXT.

Keywords: Angle of Deviation, Congenital Esotropia, Congenital Exotropia, Refractive Error

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