Published date: Mar 31 2021

Journal Title: Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences

Issue title: Sudan JMS: Volume 16 (2021), Issue No. 1

Pages: 135-142

DOI: 10.18502/sjms.v16i1.8945

Biniyam A. AyeleDepartment of Neurology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Riyad IbrahimDepartment of Internal Medicine, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia

Keberte TsegayeDepartment of Neurology, College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Tadele BirhanuDepartment of Pathology, College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Hanna AssefaDepartment of Neurology, College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Wondwossen ErgeteDepartment of Pathology, College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Background: Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD) is a rare hereditary disease with a prevalence of 2.03–6.8 per 100,000 individuals. FSHD is the third most common type of muscular dystrophy after the Duchene muscular dystrophy and myotonic dystrophy. To the best of our knowledge, the current case report is the first to report probable FSHD case mainly diagnosed using clinico-pathological evidence from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

Case Report: A 22-year-old right-handed male college student presented with progressive proximal muscular weakness associated with wasting. The weakness started from the bilateral facial muscles and progressively involved proximal upper and lower limbs muscles associated with scapular winging, waddling gait, and bilateral foot drops. His bulbar, sensory, autonomic, and cognitive systems were spared. Muscles EMG showed myopathic patterns and normal serum CK. Muscle biopsy from affected muscles showed variation in fiber size with groups of angular fibers, preserved fibers, and hypertrophic fibers with marked fibrosis and adipose tissue replacement with no apparent inflammation and necrosis which is consistent with pathological features of muscular dystrophy. Considering the clinical semiology, physical findings, EMG findings, and pathological findings diagnosis of FSHD of scapuloperoneal variant was made. The patient was managed with analgesics, nutritional advice, and ankle prosthesis for foot drops. Currently, the patient is in a similar condition with modest improvement in his musculoskeletal pain complaints.

Conclusion: This case highlights the fact that a careful clinical evaluation with thorough utilization of diagnostic investigations available at our disposal may support the diagnosis of FSHD in resource-limited areas where the necessary genetic tests were not available.

Keywords: facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, dystrophy, clinico-pathology, sub-Saharan Africa

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