KnE Social Sciences

Published date: Nov 03 2025

Journal Title: KnE Social Sciences

Issue title: The 8th Legal International Conference and Studies (LICS 2025): Justice, Human Rights, and Law—Protecting Vulnerable Communities

Pages: 458 - 466

DOI: 10.18502/kss.v10i28.20138

Anrinanda Lubisandalus.28@gmail.comMaster of Law Program, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA), Semarang

Corruption is a serious crime with wide-ranging impacts, where Article 2 paragraph (1) of the Corruption Eradication Law (UU Tipikor) requires the element of “unlawfully”. After the Constitutional Court Decision No. 003/PUU-IV/2006, this element was limited to the formal meaning. However, in practice, there is a disregard for the unlawful element in corruption cases. The case study of the Supreme Court Decision of the Republic of Indonesia Number 3968 K/Pid.Sus/2023 shows differences in interpretation between the public prosecutor and the judge, such as in the Juanda Prastowo case where the unlawful element of Article 2 paragraph (1) was disregarded by the judge from the first level to the cassation, and the Defendant was sentenced based on Article 3 of the Tipikor Law. This study aims to examine the application of the unlawful element in Article 2 paragraph (1) of the Tipikor Law, the judge’s consideration factors in disregarding it, and the implications of the decision. The normative-empirical legal research method was used with a case study and legislation approach, analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study showed that the Public Prosecutor based the indictment of Article 2 paragraph (1) on the fulfillment of formal unlawful elements (violation of the Presidential Decree on Procurement of Goods/Services). However, the judges up to the Supreme Court set it aside with the consideration of lex specialis derogate legi generalis, assessing that the Defendant’s actions as a PPK were more appropriately charged with Article 3 of the Corruption Law. This decision has the potential to increase the difficulty of proving the “unlawfully” element of Article 2 paragraph (1) of the Corruption Law in the future.

Keywords: corruption, supreme court decision, unlawful, waiver

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