KnE Social Sciences

Published date: Oct 29 2025

Journal Title: KnE Social Sciences

Issue title: The 8th Legal International Conference and Studies (LICS 2025): Integrating Climate Change and Biodiversity into National & International Legislation—Harmonizing Knowledge

Pages: 535 - 548

DOI: 10.18502/kss.v10i26.20032

Yekti MahardikaYekti.std@unissula.ac.idDoctor of Law Program, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA), Semarang

One important issue that directly affects social justice and environmental sustainability in Indonesia is the conversion of production forests into plantations. Although the government has issued a number of regulations, including the Forestry Law and other regulations, forest management and conversion often tend to ignore the concepts of ecosystem balance, sustainability, and protection of community rights. Massive ecological damage, biodiversity loss, and protracted social disputes result from a lack of coordination between national and local regulations, weak law enforcement, and the dominance of business interests over environmental conservation. This study aims to re-establish a sustainable and equitable legal framework for the conversion of production forest land to plantations. By looking at the relevant laws, regulations, and conditions in the field, a normative and juridical-sociological approach was taken. The research findings show that in order to build forest governance that is equitable, participatory, and oriented toward long-term sustainability, to improve in the legal realm, Lawrence Freedman, states that it is necessary to improve the legal substance, institutional arrangement (legal structure), and the development of a community-based legal culture.

Keywords: conversion, development, ecological, justice, legal

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