KnE Social Sciences

Published date: Oct 29 2025

Journal Title: KnE Social Sciences

Issue title: The 8th Legal International Conference and Studies (LICS 2025): Integrating Climate Change and Biodiversity into National & International Legislation—Harmonizing Knowledge

Pages: 358 - 363

DOI: 10.18502/kss.v10i26.20013

Henu Sistha Adityahenusisthaaditya.std@unissula.ac.idUniversitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA), Semarang

The climate crisis and biodiversity loss are two interrelated global challenges that have serious implications for species survival, particularly endemic species with limited distribution ranges. Changes in temperature, rainfall patterns, and rising sea levels have accelerated the degradation of natural habitats, especially in mega biodiversity regions like Indonesia. Endemic species such as the anoa, bird of paradise, and various amphibian species now face increasingly complex ecological pressures due to habitat fragmentation, deforestation, and climate disasters. This study employs a descriptive-analytical qualitative approach, integrating ecological, climatic, and environmental legal perspectives. The findings reveal that the climate crisis has disrupted species’ life cycles, geographical distribution, and adaptive capacity. Key challenges in biodiversity conservation include data limitations, weak policy coordination, insufficient funding, and economic pressures on local communities. In response, adaptation strategies through community-based conservation, the use of monitoring technology, and increased environmental literacy are key to strengthening ecosystem resilience. This study recommends science-based multi-stakeholder synergy, community participation, and ecological justice in responding to the climate crisis and preserving endemic species in Indonesia.

Keywords: biodiversity, conservation, climate crisis, endemic species, habitat loss

[1] Dawson TP, Jackson ST, House JI, Prentice IC, Mace GM. Beyond predictions: biodiversity conservation in a changing climate. Science. 2011 Apr;332(6025):53– 8.

[2] Mulyani, Marianti dan Laura Meijaard, “Community-Based Conservation Successes,” Environmental Science & Policy, 2020;Vol. 45

[3] Parmesan C. Ecological and Evolutionary Responses to Recent Climate Change. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst. 2006;37(1):637–69.

[4] LP, et al. Climate Change and the Amphibians of the Wet Tropics. Glob Change Biol. 2011;17:1640–52.

[5] Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services; 2019.

[6] IPCC. [Synthesis Report, Geneva: IPCC]. Clim Change. 2003;:2023.

[7] Lovejoy TE. dan Lee Hannah, Climate Change and Biodiversity. New Haven: Yale University Press; 2005.

[8] Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK), Indonesia Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (IBSAP) 2015–2020. Jakarta: KLHK; 2016.

[9] UNESCO. Education for Sustainable Development Goals: Learning Objectives. Paris: UNESCO; 2017.

[10] WALHI. Analisis Fragmentasi Kebijakan Lingkungan di Indonesia. Jakarta: WALHI; 2021.

[11] Wulffraat, Stephan et al., “Biodiversity Hotspots in Wallacea,” WWF Indonesia Report; 2021.

[12] Pruniki M, Cauwenberghs N, Lee J, et al. Air pollution exposure is linked with methylation of immunoregulatory genes, altered immune cell profiles, and increased blood pressure in children. Sci. Rep. 2021;11:4067. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-83577-3.

[13] Rader R, Reilly J, Bartomeus I, Winfree R. Native bees buffer the negative impact of climate warming on honey bee pollination of watermelon crops. Global Change Biol. 2013;19:3103–3110. doi: 10.1111/gcb.12264.

[14] Raven PH. Biological extinction and climate change. In: Al-Delaimy WK, Ramanathan V, SánchezSorondo M, editors. Health of people, health of planet and our responsibility. Cham: Springer; 2020. pp. 11–20. [Google Scholar]

[15] Razzaq A, Wani SH, Saleem F, et al. Rewilding crops for climate resilience: economic analysis and de novo domestication strategies. J Exptl Bot. 2021;72:6123–6139. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erab276. [DOI,PubMed,Google Scholar]

[16] Ripple WJ, Wolf C, Newsome TM, et al. World scientists’ warning to humanity: a second notice. Bioscience. 2017;67:1026–1028. doi: 10.1093/biosci/bix125. [DOI,Google Scholar]

[17] Ripple WJ, Wolf C, Newsome TM, et al. World Scientists’ warning of a climate emergency. Bioscience. 2020;70:8–12. doi: 10.1093/biosci/biz152.

[18] Shivanna KR. The sixth mass extinction crisis and its impact on biodiversity and human welfare. Resonance. 2020;25:93–109. doi: 10.1007/s12045-019-0924-z.

[19] Pimm SL. Climate disruption and biodiversity. Curr. Biol. 2009;19:R595–R601. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2009.05.055.

[20] Pimentel D, Pimentel M. Sustainability of meat-based and plant-based diets and the environment. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2003;78:660S–663S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/78.3.660S.