KnE Social Sciences

Published date: Oct 29 2025

Journal Title: KnE Social Sciences

Issue title: The 8th Legal International Conference and Studies (LICS 2025): Integrating Climate Change and Biodiversity into National & International Legislation—Harmonizing Knowledge

Pages: 339 - 357

DOI: 10.18502/kss.v10i26.20012

‎ Hariyantohari75211@gmail.comUniversitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA)

This study discusses the problem of environmental law violations caused by illegal exploitation of fossil energy resources, which is still a major challenge in Indonesia. One potential alternative approach is the development of new renewable energy from the nyamplung plant (Calophyllum inophyllum), which naturally grows on marginal and coastal lands. This study aims to answer three main problem formulations: (1) Why is nyamplung fruit worthy of being used as a substitute for fossil fuels? (2) How is nyamplung relevant in reducing environmental law violations? (3) How to examine and facilitate the phenomenon of nyamplung growth as an innovative solution in the context of environmental law? The objectives of this study are to evaluate the efficiency of biodiesel production from nyamplung, examine its contribution to the environmental law system, and propose community-based intervention policies. The method used is library research and descriptive-qualitative analysis with an ecological legal approach. Data were obtained from international journals, national policies such as Law No. 32 of 2009 and Presidential Regulation No. 22 of 2017, and reports on research results on transesterification-based biodiesel technology using heterogeneous catalysts. The results show that nyamplung oil has a high oil content (65–75%) and can be processed into high-quality biodiesel that meets ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards. The production process that utilizes modern technology, such as microwave heating, can produce conversion efficiency of up to 98–99%. The use of nyamplung in the community has also been proven to be able to suppress environmental law violations by providing legal and sustainable energy pathways. The conclusion of this study is that nyamplung is a strategic alternative to replace fossil fuels that is not only superior in terms of technical and environmental aspects, but also has a strong driving force in enforcing environmental law based on ecological justice. Therefore, synergy is needed between the state, local communities, and the private sector in strengthening local plant-based energy policies such as nyamplung.

Keywords: biodiesel, community, energy, ecological, transesterification

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