KnE Social Sciences

Published date: Oct 29 2025

Journal Title: KnE Social Sciences

Issue title: The 8th Legal International Conference and Studies (LICS 2025): Integrating Climate Change and Biodiversity into National & International Legislation—Harmonizing Knowledge

Pages: 182 - 192

DOI: 10.18502/kss.v10i26.19996

Abdul RozzaqAbdulrozzaq.std@unissula.ac.idMaster of Law Program, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA)

Climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity in the 21st century, with far-reaching impacts on the environment, economy, and social well-being around the world. The research method used in this paper is normative legal research, also known as doctrinal legal research. International law has a key role in developing a global framework to address this issue through various legal instruments and multilateral agreements, such as the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement. Responding to environmental crimes is largely the responsibility of government law enforcement and regulatory authorities, whether at the national, subnational, or municipal level. The main agents in environmental law enforcement in most parts of the world are police forces, customs and border protection agencies and environmental regulatory agencies. These organizations can create both opportunities and challenges. The effects of climate change, are beginning to impinge on the developed world. Europe has been experiencing increasing drought and fires in the Mediterranean region and up into Central Europe, while the Northern countries are experiencing increasing flooding. With the evident need for adaptation measures being increasingly realized in the developed world, international pressure focusing on global adaptation strategies might be starting. Without such international pressure and funds, majority of the less developed countries including those in the MENA region, will not be able to develop and implement comprehensive adaptation strategies. As the climate status of the region is expected to worsen, governments should shift their focus to enhancing their adaptative capacity if they want to see changes in climate vulnerability. A solution to increase capacity involves international support of community-level education and voice in national climate policy, international pressure, and more funding for adaptative infrastructure. If the international community and Middle Eastern countries adopt these strategies, the result might be more climate resilience in this uniquely vulnerable region.

Keywords: agreement, climate, international, law

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