KnE Social Sciences

Published date: Oct 29 2025

Journal Title: KnE Social Sciences

Issue title: The 8th Legal International Conference and Studies (LICS 2025): Integrating Climate Change and Biodiversity into National & International Legislation—Harmonizing Knowledge

Pages: 126 - 140

DOI: 10.18502/kss.v10i26.19985

Ong Argo Victoriaargovictoriaupin@gmail.comInternational Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Selangor

Ade Riusma AriyanaInternational Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Selangor

Devina ArifaniInternational Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Selangor

In an effort to protect and manage natural resources, Indonesia has issued various policies and laws. One of them is Law No. 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management, which pays great attention to the conservation of natural resources and their ecosystems. However, even though there is a clear legal framework, implementation in the field still faces various challenges, both in terms of policy and implementation at the regional level. Several factors such as budget constraints, land use conflicts, and weak supervision have caused this conservation to not run optimally. Indonesia has various legal regulations that support the preservation of biological resources. One of them is Law No. 5 of 1990 concerning Conservation of Biological Natural Resources and Ecosystems, which is the main legal basis for protecting flora and fauna and their habitats. This law includes the establishment of conservation areas such as nature reserves and national parks, which aim to maintain biodiversity. In addition, Law No. 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry also regulates forest management and includes measures to prevent deforestation and forest degradation. This law is complemented by a moratorium policy on new permits in primary forest areas and peatlands, which has been proven to be able to reduce the level of deforestation in Indonesia. The writing method used in this scientific paper is the normative legal writing method, which uses references to literature, library materials, and applicable legal regulations as data sources. This is also known as library research or a method used to collect data from various literatures.

Keywords: conservation, ecosystem, policy, protection

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