KnE Social Sciences
ISSN: 2518-668X
The latest conference proceedings on humanities, arts and social sciences.
Increased DC Bus Voltage Stability with Multiple Microgrid Cluster Strategies
Published date: Apr 18 2025
Journal Title: KnE Social Sciences
Issue title: The 7th International Conference on Education and Social Science Research (ICESRE)
Pages: 324 - 343
Authors:
Abstract:
Reliability and flexibility can be increased by connecting multiple nearby microgrids (MG) to form a cluster. This report provides a thorough and comparative analysis of previous research on the control mechanisms used by DC MG clusters. Various techniques are examined for the two important control features of networked DC MGs: power flow control between MGs, and DC-link voltage control. There is also dispute on the DC MG clusters’ architectural configuration. This study discusses all the benefits and drawbacks of the various control mechanisms used in previous studies. Additionally, three different consensus protocol types—linear, finite, and fixed—with varying time limitations are covered in this study. To support this research, continuous development of microgrids is being carried out.
Keywords: centralized, decentralized, hierarchy control, multiple-microgrid, DC bus, PV
References:
[1] Kumaravel S, Ashok S. Adapted multilayer feedforward ANN based power management control of solar photovoltaic and wind integrated power system. In Proceedings of the ISGT2011-India, Kollam, India, 1–3 December 2011. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISETIndia. 2011.6145386.
[2] Iqbal S, Khan HA, Nasir M, Guerrero JM. Efficient Resource Sizing and Placement for Clustered Solar DC Microgrids. In Proceedings of the IEEE Power Engineering Society Transmission and Distribution Conference, Chicago, IL, USA, 12–15 October 2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/TD39804.2020.9299910.
[3] Kollimalla SK, Mishra MK, Narasamma NL. Design and analysis of novel control strategy for battery and supercapacitor storage system. IEEE Trans Sustain Energy. 2014;5(4):1137–44.
[4] Han, Y.; Ning, X.; Yang, P.; Xu, L. Review of Power Sharing, Voltage Restoration and Stabilization Techniques in Hierarchical Controlled DC Microgrids. IEEE Access 2019, 7, 149202–149223.
[5] Wahid A, Iqbal J, Qamar A, Ahmed S, Basit A, Ali H, et al. A novel power scheduling mechanism for islanded DC microgrid cluster. Sustainability (Basel). 2020;12(17):6918.
[6] Gao F, Kang R, Cao J, Yang T. Primary and secondary control in DC microgrids: A review. J Mod Power Syst Clean Energy. 2019;7(2):227–42.
[7] Tah A, Das D. An Enhanced Droop Control Method for Accurate Load Sharing and Voltage Improvement of Isolated and Interconnected DC Microgrids. IEEE Trans Sustain Energy. 2016;7(3):1194–204.
[8] Mudaliyar S, Duggal B, Mishra S. Distributed Tie-Line Power Flow Control of Autonomous DC Microgrid Clusters. IEEE Trans Power Electron. 2020;35(10):11250– 66.
[9] Sathishkumar R, Kollimalla SK, Mishra MK. Dynamic energy management of micro grids using battery super capacitor combined storage. In Proceedings of the 2012 Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON), Kochi, India, 7–9 December 2012. https://doi.org/10.1109/INDCON.2012.6420777.
[10] Xu Q, Xu Y, Xu Z, Xie L, Blaabjerg F. A Hierarchically Coordinated Operation and Control Scheme for DC Microgrid Clusters under Uncertainty. IEEE Trans Sustain Energy. 2021;12(1):273–83.
[11] Lasseter RH. MicroGrids. In Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.02CH37309), New York, NY, USA, 27–31 January 2002; Volume 1, pp. 305–308.
[12] Yang J, Jin X, Wu X, Acuna P, Aguilera RP, Morstyn T, et al. Decentralised control method for DC microgrids with improved current sharing accuracy. IET Gener Transm Distrib. 2017;11(3):696–706.
[13] Adhikari S, Xu Q, Tang Y, Wang P. Decentralized control of DC microgrid clusters. In Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE 3rd International Future Energy Electronics Conference and ECCE Asia, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 3–7 June 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/IFEEC.2017.7992101.
[14] Ghorbal MJ, Moussa S, Ziani JA, Slama-Belkhodja I. A comparison study of two DC microgrid controls for a fast and stable DC bus voltage. Math Comput Simul. 2021;184:210–24.
[15] Moayedi S, Davoudi A. Distributed Tertiary Control of DC Microgrid Clusters. IEEE Trans Power Electron. 2016;31(2):1717–33.
[16] Al-Ismail, F.S. DC Microgrid Planning, Operation, and Control: A Comprehensive Review. IEEE Access 2021, 9, 36154–36172.
[17] Peyghami S, Mokhtari H, Blaabjerg F. Hierarchical Power Sharing Control in DC Microgrids. Microgrid: Advanced Control Methods and Renewable Energy System Integration. Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann; 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978- 0-08-101753-1.00003-6.
[18] Elhassaneen HA, Tsuji T. Cooperative Decentralized Tertiary Based Control of DC Microgrid with Renewable Distributed Generation. In Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE Third International Conference on DC Microgrids (ICDCM), Matsue, Japan, 20–23 May 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDCM45535.2019.9232871.
[19] Aboelsoud H, Tsuji T. Cooperative decentralized hierarchical based voltage control of DC microgrids. In Proceedings of the 2019 29th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), Nadi, Fiji, 26–29 November 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/AUPEC48547.2019.211839.
[20] Saleh MS, Althaibani A, Esa Y, Mhandi Y, Mohamed AA. Impact of clustering microgrids on their stability and resilience during blackouts. In Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Smart Grid and Clean Energy Technologies (ICSGCE), Offenburg, Germany, 20–23 October 2015. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSGCE.2015.7454295.
[21] Shafiee Q, Dragicevic T, Vasquez JC, Guerrero JM. Hierarchical control for multiple DC-microgrids clusters. In Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE 11th International Multi- Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD14), Barcelona, Spain, 11–14 February 2014; pp. 1–6. [
[22] Uhlemeyer B, Jakob J, Zdrallek M, Baumann C, Wellßow W, Dickert J, et al. Cellular Approach as a Principle in Integrated Energy System Planning and Operation. In Proceedings of the CIRED Workshop, Online Conference, 22–23 September 2020. https://doi.org/10.1049/oap-cired.2021.0021.
[23] Hoth K, Steffen T, Wiegel B, Youssfi A, Babazadeh D, Venzke M, et al. Holistic Simulation Approach for Optimal Operation of Smart Integrated Energy Systems under Consideration of Resilience, Economics and Sustainability. Infrastructures (Basel). 2021;6(11):150.
[24] Thier P, Giese B, Brand U, Schnuelle C, Petschow U, Heinbach K, et al. Investigating the opportunities to implement a ‘cellular approach’ in two regional energy systems in Germany from a socio-technical point of view. In Proceedings of the International ETG Congress, Bonn, Germany, 28–29 November 2017.
[25] Han Y, Pu Y, Li Q, Fu W, Chen W, You Z, et al. Coordinated power control with virtual inertia for fuel cell-based DC microgrids cluster. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2019;44(46):25207–20.
[26] Guo L, Li P, Li X, Huang D, Zhu J. Flexible control of DC interlinked multiple MGs cluster. IET Gener Transm Distrib. 2019;13(11):2088–101.
[27] Fan Z, Fan B, Peng J, Liu W. Distributed Hierarchical Control for Optimal Power Dispatch in Multiple DC Microgrids. IEEE Syst J. 2020;14:1–11.
[28] Ciornei I, Albu M, Sănduleac M, Rodriguez-Diaz E, Teodorescu R, Guerrero J. Adaptive Distributed EMS for Small Clusters of Resilient LVDC Microgrids. In Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2018 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC/I&CPS Europe), Palermo, Italy, 12–15 June 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/EEEIC.2018.8494529.
[29] Lai J, Lu X, Yu X, Yao W, Wen J, Cheng S. Distributed multi-DER cooperative control for master-slave-organized microgrid networks with limited communication 30] Tsikalakis AG, Hatziargyriou ND. Centralized control for optimizing microgrids operation. In Proceedings of the IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Detroit, MI, USA, 24–28 July 2011; Volume 23.
[31] Babazadeh-Dizaji R, Hamzeh M, Hekmati A. Power Sharing in Multiple DC Microgrids Based on Concentrated Control. In Proceedings of the Electrical Engineering (ICEE), Iranian Conference, Mashhad, Iran, 8–10 May 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEE.2018.8472436.
[32] Kumar M, Srivastava SC, Singh SN, Ramamoorty M. Development of a control strategy for interconnection of islanded direct current microgrids. IET Renew Power Gener. 2015;9(3):284–96.
[33] Meng L, Shafiee Q, Trecate GF, Karimi H, Fulwani D, Lu X, et al. Review on Control of DC Microgrids and Multiple Microgrid Clusters. IEEE J Emerg Sel Top Power Electron. 2017;5:928–48.
[34] Abhishek A, Devassy S, Akbar SA, Singh B. Consensus Algorithm based Two-Level Control Design for a DC Microgrid. In Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Smart Grid and Renewable Energy (PESGRE2020), Cochin, India, 2–4 January 2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGRE45664.2020.9070734.
[35] Abhishek A, Ranjan A, Devassy S, Verma BK, Ram SK, Dhakar AK. Review of hierarchical control strategies for DC microgrid. IET Renew Power Gener. 2020;14(10):1631–40.
[36] Shuai Z, Fang J, Ning F, Shen ZJ. Hierarchical structure and bus voltage control of DC microgrid. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2018;82:3670–82.
[37] Dam DH, Lee HH. An adaptive power distributed control method to ensure proportional load power sharing in DC microgrid considering equivalent line impedances. In Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Milwaukee, WI, USA, 18–22 September 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE.2016.7854837.
[38] Papadimitriou CN, Zountouridou EI, Hatziargyriou ND. Review of hierarchical control in DC microgrids. Electr Power Syst Res. 2015;122:159–67.
[39] Jena S, Padhy NP, Guerrero JM. Decentralized Primary and Distributed Secondary Control for Current Sharing and Voltage Regulation in DC Microgrid Clusters with HESS. In Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems (PEDES), Jaipur, India, 16–19 December 2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/PEDES49360.2020.9379838.
[40] Eisapour-Moarref A, Kalantar M, Esmaili M. Power sharing in hybrid microgrids with multiple DC subgrids. Int J Electr Power Energy Syst. 2021;128:106716.
[41] Lagudu J, Sathya Narayana S, Vulasala G. Power sharing scheme in interconnected DC microgrids–A new approach. Int. J. Ambient. Energy; 2020. pp. 1–12.
[42] Wu C, Hou X, Wang Y, Chen X, Liao C. SOC-featured Distributed Tertiary Control for Energy Management in DC Microgrid Clusters. In Proceedings of the 2019 22nd International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), Harbin, China, 11–14 August 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEMS.2019.8922431.
[43] Bharath KR, Krishnan MM, Kanakasabapathy P. A review on DC microgrid control techniques, applications and trends. Int. J. Renew. Energy Res. 2019;9:1328–38.
[44] Dragiˇcevi’c. T.; Lu, X.; Vasquez, J.C.; Guerrero, J.M. DC Microgrids-Part I: A Review of Control Strategies and Stabilization Techniques. IEEE Trans Power Electron. 2016;31:4876–91.
[45] Dragicevic T, Lu X, Vasquez JC, Guerrero JM; Dragiˇcevi’c. T.; Lu, X.; Vasquez, J.C.; Guerrero, J.M. DC Microgrids-Part II: A Review of Power Architectures, Applications, and Standardization Issues. IEEE Trans Power Electron. 2016;31(5):3528–49.
[46] Sahoo SK, Sinha AK, Kishore NK. Control Techniques in AC, DC, and Hybrid AC-DC Microgrid: A Review. IEEE J Emerg Sel Top Power Electron. 2018;6(2):738–59.
[47] Bandeiras F, Pinheiro E, Gomes M, Coelho P, Fernandes J. Review of the cooperation and operation of microgrid clusters. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2020;133:110311.
[48] Han Y, Zhang K, Li H, Coelho EA, Guerrero JM. MAS-Based Distributed Coordinated Control and Optimization in Microgrid and Microgrid Clusters: A Comprehensive Overview. IEEE Trans Power Electron. 2018;33(8):6488–508.
[49] Alam MN, Chakrabarti S, Ghosh A. Networked Microgrids: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives. IEEE Trans Industr Inform. 2019;15(3):1238–50.
[50] Zhang Z, Li H. Hierarchical energy management strategy for islanded microgrid cluster considering flexibility. Power Syst. Prot. Control. 2020, 48, 97–105. 11. Nie, Y.; Qiu, Y.; Yang, A.; Zhao, Y. Risk-limiting dispatching strategy considering demand response in multi-energy microgrids. Appl Energy. 2024;353:122–31.
[51] Rodriguez M, Arcos–Aviles D, Martinez W. Fuzzy logic-based energy management for isolated microgrid using meta-heuristic optimization algorithms. Appl Energy. 2023;335:120–32.
[52] Dong W, Sun H, Mei C, Li Z, Zhang J, Yang H, et al. Stochastic optimal scheduling strategy for a campus-isolated microgrid energy management system considering dependencies. Energy Convers Manage. 2023;292:117–24.
[53] Zhang H, Li G, Wang S. Optimization dispatching of isolated island microgrid based on improved particle swarm optimization algorithm. Energy Rep. 2022;8:420–8.
[54] Cheng L, Qi N, Zhang F, Kong H, Huang X. Energy internet: Concept and practice exploration. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2), Beijing, China, 26–28 November 2017; pp. 1–5.
[55] Chen W, Xiang Y, Liu J. Optimal operation of virtual power plants with shared energy storage. IET Smart Grid. 2023;6(2):147–57.
[56] Asri R, Aki H, Kodaira D. Optimal operation of shared energy storage on islanded microgrid for remote communities. Sustain. Energy Grids Netw. 2023;35:101–14.
[57] Kusmantoro A, Priyadi A, Budiharto Putri VL, Hery Purnomo M. Coordinated Control of Battery Energy Storage System Based on Fuzzy Logic for Microgrid with Modified AC Coupling Configuration. Int. J. Intell. Eng. Syst. 2021;14(2):495–510.
[58] Kusmantoro A, Farikhah I. Solar power and multi-battery for new configuration DC microgrid using centralized control. Archieves of Electrical Engineering. 2023;72(4):931–50.
[59] Kusmantoro A. “Enhancement DC Microgrid Power Stability With a Centralized”. 2022 Int. Conf. on Vocational Educ.and Electr. Eng., ICVEE 2022, pp. 10–15, 2022.
