Published date: Jun 21 2023

Journal Title: KnE Social Sciences

Issue title: The 4th International Conference on Governance, Public Administration, and Social Science (ICoGPASS)

Pages: 80–100

DOI: 10.18502/kss.v8i11.13540

Kadek Jeny Femila Devikadekjenyfemiladevi@gmail.comPolicy Analyst at Pusat Penguatan Karakter, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology

Prabaria Vesca YulianandraPolicy Analyst at Pusat Penguatan Karakter, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology

Hendarman .Policy Analyst at Pusat Penguatan Karakter, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology

The 2021 National Assessment showed that 24.4% of students potentially experience bullying in schools. The government decided on the Roots Anti-Bullying Program to prevent bullying in the school and to ensure a safe, comfortable, and enjoyful environment. Students are activated for this program as agents of change to enable better communication and interaction between peers. The Roots Program has been implemented since 2021 and will be implemented gradually in more than 15,000 schools by 2023. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Roots Program in solving the bullying issue at school, the factors that influence the implementation of the Roots Program, and the problems faced in implementing the program in Jakarta. This qualitative descriptive study used Van Meter Van Horn Policy Implementation Theory, focusing on size and policy objectives, resources, characteristics of agents of change, attitudes of implementors, communication between organizations and implementors’ activities, as well as the economic, social, and political environment. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, and literature reviews. The results of this study describe that Roots has been appropriately implemented and marked by the fulfillment of all indicators in each dimension of Van Meter Van Horn implementation theory. To improve the implementation of the Roots in the following year, the Roots can be carried out face-to-face; the number of agents of change is adjusted to the number of students in the school; socialization regarding guidelines for implementing government assistance, dissemination of anti-bullying content to agents of change, and adjustment of delivery times for the learning module.

Keywords: policy implementation, education policy, bullying, roots program

[1] OECD. PISA 2018 Results (Volume III) [Internet]. OECD; 2019 [cited 2022 Oct 19]. (PISA). Available from: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/pisa-2018-resultsvolume- iii_acd78851-en

[2] UNICEF. Bullying in Indonesia: Key Facts, Solutions, and Recommendations. Jakarta; 2017.

[3] Widadio NA. KPAI catat 153 kasus kekerasan fisik dan psikis di sekolah pada 2019. https://www.aa.com.tr/id/nasional/kpai-catat-153-kasus-kekerasan-fisikdan- psikis-di-sekolah-pada-2019/1688253. 2019.

[4] Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak RI. SIMFONI-PPA. https://kekerasan.kemenpppa.go.id/ringkasan. 2021.

[5] Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) menurut Kabupaten/Kota Administrasi 2019-2021. https://jakarta.bps.go.id/indicator/26/744/1/indeks-pembangunan-manusia-ipmmenurut- kabupaten-kota-administrasi.html. 2022.

[6] Statistik Sektoral Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Korban Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan dan Anak Berdasarkan Pendidikan di DKI Jakarta Tahun 2020. https://statistik.jakarta.go.id/korban-kekerasan-terhadap-perempuan-dan-anakberdasarkan- pendidikan-di-dki-jakarta-tahun-2020/. 2021.

[7] Kompas. UNICEF: Risiko Cyber Bullying Semakin Besar di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2020/11/28/12045141/unicef-risikocyber- bullying-semakin-besar-di-masa-pandemi-covid-19. 2020.

[8] BBC. Siswi SMP 147 bunuh diri di sekolah, KPAI: Hampir semua sekolah tak punya tim pencegahan perundungan. https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia- 51168802. 2020.

[9] Takizawa R, Maughan B, Arseneault L. Adult health outcomes of childhood bullying victimization: Evidence from a five-decade longitudinal British Birth Cohort. Am J Psychiat. 2014;777–784.

[10] Wolke D, Copeland WE, Angold A, Costello EJ. Impact of bullying in childhood on adult health, wealth, crime, and social outcomes. Psychol Sci [Internet]. 2013 Aug 19;24(10):1958–1970. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613481608

[11] Angold A, Erkanli A, Copeland W, Goodman R, Fisher P, Costello E. Psychiatric diagnostic interviews for children and adolescents: A comparative study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2012 May 1;51:506–517.

[12] Carroll A, Houghton S, Durkin K, Hattie JA. Adolescent reputations and risk. Springer Science Business Media; 2009.

[13] Ristianti A. Hubungan Antara Dukungan Sosial Teman Sebaya dengan Identitas Diri Pada Remaja di SMA Pusaka 1 Jakarta. Universitas Gunadarma. 2009.

[14] Gunarsa DS. Psikologi Perkembangan Anak dan Remaja. Jakarta: Gunung Mulia; 1995.

[15] Mahendra S. Hubungan antara pola asuh orang tua dan pergaulan peer group (kelompok sebaya) dengan sikap pada siswa kelas XI IPS SMA Negeri 3 Surakarta tahun ajaran 2009/2010. In 2010.

[16] Puspeka. Bersama, Kita Hentikan Perundungan! https://cerdasberkarakter. kemdikbud.go.id/merdekadariperundungan/ 2021.

[17] Rahmawati A. Implementasi Kebijakan Program Pengembangan Komoditas Pada Kawasan Strategi Kabupaten di Kabupaten Bone.

[Makassar]: Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar; 2020.

[18] Ikram VH. Implementasi Kebijakan Pembelajaran Online Pada Era Pandemi Covid-19 di Kota Pekanbaru Provinsi Riau. 2022.

[19] Pioh E, Posumah J, Tulusan F. Implementasi kebijakan pengasuhan anak dalam meningkatkan sumber daya manusia di Panti Asuhan Nazareth Tomohon. Jurnal Administrasi Publik. 2015;2(029).

[20] Kemendikbudristek. Materi Anti Perundungan. Jakarta; 2021.

[21] Yusuf S. Psikologi Perkembangan Anak dan Remaja. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya; 2004.

[22] Zakiyah EZ, Humaedi S, Santoso MB. Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Remaja dalam Melakukan Bullying. Prosiding Penelitian & Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat. 2017 Jul;4(2):324–330.

[23] Positive Action. What types of bullying behavior count as physical bullying? https://www.positiveaction.net/blog/physical-bullying. 2021.

[24] Putri FR. Hubungan Pola Asuh Otoriter Terhadap Perilaku Perundungan pada Remaja. JKKP ( Jurnal Kesejahteraan Keluarga dan Pendidikan) . 2018 Jul 7;5(2):101– 108.

[25] Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak. Fakta Kekerasan Terhadap Anak di Indonesia. Jakarta; 2018 May.

[26] Arisal. Remaja Rawan Bullying Verbal. https://identitasunhas.com/remaja-rawanbullying- verbal/. 2021.

[27] UNICEF. Cyberbullying: Apa itu dan bagaimana menghentikannya. https://www.unicef.org/indonesia/id/child-protection/apa-itu-cyberbullying. 2020.

[28] Sucahyo N. Perundungan Siber di Indonesia Kian Mengkhawatirkan . https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/perundungan-siber-di-indonesia-kianmengkhawatirkan-/ 6232440.html. 2021.

[29] Lestari S, Yusmansyah Y, Mayasari S. Bentuk dan Faktor Penyebab Perilaku Bullying. ALIBKIN ( Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling). 2018;6(2).

[30] Indrianti T. Peranan Orang Tua Dalam Membentuk Karakter Anak Di Desa Kedaton Induk Kecamatan Batang Hari Nuban Lampung Timur. [Metro]: Institut Agama Islam Negri (IAIN); 2020.

[31] Hyoscyamina DE. Peran Keluarga dalam Membangun Karakter Anak. J Psikol [Internet]. 2012 Mar 10 [cited 2022 Oct 20];10(2):144–152. Available from: https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/psikologi/article/view/2887

[32] Levianti. Konformitas dan Bullying Pada Siswa. J Psikol. 2008 Jun;6(1):1–9.

[33] Fitriani W, Hastuti D. Pengaruh Kelekatan Remaja Dengan Ibu, Ayah, dan Teman Sebaya Terhadap Kenakalan Remaja di Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak (LPKA) Kelas II Bandung. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga & Konsumen [Internet]. 2017 Feb 17;9(3):206–217. Available from: https://jurnal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/jikk/article/view/15186

[34] Masdin M. Fenomena Bullying dalam Pendidikan. Al-Ta’dib. 2013;6(2):73–83.

[35] Ariesto A, Sekar DAC. Pelaksanaan program antibullying teacher empowerment program (TEP) di sekolah. [ Jakarta]: Universitas Indonesia; 2009.

[36] Nursasari N. Penerapan Antisipasi Perundungan (Bullying) pada Sekolah Dasar di Kota Tenggarong. SYAMIL: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam ( Journal of Islamic Education) [Internet]. 2017 Dec 1;5(2). Available from: https://journal.uinsi.ac.id/index.php/syamil/article/view/926

[37] SASUWUK CH, LENGKONG F, PALAR N. Implementasi Kebijakan Penyaluran Bantuan Langsung Tunai Dana Desa (Blt-Dd) Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Di Desa Sea Kabupaten Minahasa. JURNAL ADMINISTRASI PUBLIK. 2021;7(108).

[38] Kemendikbudritsek. Sekolah Penggerak. https://psp-web.pauddikdasmen. kemdikbud.go.id/#/home. 2021.

[39] Anggleni A. Implementasi Kebijakan Program Kartu Keluarga Sejahtera (KKS) dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Miskin di Kelurahan Sekip Jaya Kecamatan Kemuning Kota Palembang. Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi dan Studi Kebijakan ( JIASK) [Internet]. 2018 Sep 28;1(1). Available from: https://ejournal.ppsunisti. ac.id/index.php/JIASK/article/view/3

[40] Shobry MN. Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Keberhasilan Pelaksanaan Program Urban Farming di Kabupaten Gresik. [Surabaya]: Universitas Airlangga; 2017.

[41] Kemendikbudristek. Sekolah Kita. https://sekolah.data.kemdikbud.go.id/. 2022.