Published date: May 20 2022

Journal Title: KnE Social Sciences

Issue title: The 3rd International Conference on Governance, Public Administration, and Social Science (ICoGPASS)

Pages: 573–586

DOI: 10.18502/kss.v7i9.10965

Kusuma Dewi Puspitasarikusuma.dewi@bpbatam.go.idCentre for Policy Harmonization and Performance Management, Batam Indonesia Free Trade Zone Authority

Endang WiryantiningsihAgency for Human Resource Development and Village Community Empowerment, Development of Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration, Ministry of Village, Development of Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration

President Jokowi’s program to downsize Echelons III and IV aimed to reduce the range of decision-making in the Government. Jokowi also hopes to use artificial intelligence (AI) systems to support and accelerate the state civil apparatus in carrying out their administrative duties, especially decision-making. AI can be used for speedy decisionmaking in the form of automated or algorithmically driven decision-making. However, Law number 30 of 2014 concerning Government administration only accommodates Government agencies and officials in making decisions or actions. Moreover, decisionmaking in public administration should comply with the general principles of good governance, be free from conflicts of interest, and is subject to administrative effort. This paper examined the challenges in automated decision-making in public administration. A normative judicial approach was used. The results showed that AI, especially algorithmically driven decision-making, should be designed to make fair, transparent, and reasonable decisions. The Government should also implement AI in ways that comply with good administration standards. AI application in public administration will require a fundamental change in the Government administration law. Therefore, it is necessary to amend Law number 30 of 2014 to grant limited authority around decisions or actions to be performed by AI.

Keywords: artificial intelligence, automated decision-making, public administration, government administration law

[1] BPMI Setpres. Pemanfaatan AI untuk ringankan tugas ASN dan Birokrasi. Presiden RI; 2019 Dec 2. Available from: https://www.presidenri.go.id/siaran-pers/pemanfaatan-aiuntuk-ringankan-tugas-asn-dan-birokrasi/

[2] Humas MenPANRB. Pelayanan publik lebih efektif dengan kecerdasan buatan. Menpan; 2020 Nov 28. Available from: https://www.menpan.go.id/site/beritaterkini/pelayanan-publik-lebih-efektif-dengan-kecerdasan-buatan

[3] Marzuki PM. Penelitian hukum. Jakarta: Prenada Media Group; 2016.

[4] Anggraeni SF. Kecerdasan buatan (artificial intelligence) & tantangannya bagi hukum Indonesia. Actio, Indonesian E-Magazine for Legal Knowledge. 2017;6:6-7.

[5] Kusumawati R. Kecerdasan buatan manusia (artificial intelligence): Teknologi impian masa depan. Jurnal Ulil Albab: Jurnal Studi Islam. 2008;9(2):257-274. https://doi.org/10.18860/ua.v9i2.6218

[6] Pramono A. Mungkinkah hakim manusia digantikan oleh kecerdasan buatan? Hukumonline; 2020 Mar 30. Available from: https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/detail/lt5e82cd8755927/mungkinkah-hakimmanusia-digantikan-oleh-kecerdasan-buatan

[7] Kaur D. AI to be a US$366b industry in Indonesia by 2030. Tech Wire Asia; 2020 Oct 20. Available from: https://techwireasia.com/2020/10/ai-to-be-a-us366b-industryin-indonesia-by-2030/

[8] Mardatillah A. LIA, Chatbot hukum pertama Indonesia resmi diluncurkan. Hukumonline; 2018 Aug 8. Available from:https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/baca/lt5b6a4dcab1765/lia–chatbot-hukumpertama-indonesia-resmi-diluncurkan

[9] Kurniawijaya A, Yudityastri A, Zuama APC. Pendayagunaan artificial intelligence dalam perancangan kontrak serta dampaknya bagi sektor hukum di Indonesia. Khatulistiwa Law Review. 2021;2(1):260-279.

[10] Huzaini MDP. Potensi artificial intelligence dalam pembuatan peraturan. Hukumonline; 2021 Apr 18. Available from: https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/baca/lt607c22411436b/potensi-artificialintelligence-dalam-pembuatan-peraturan

[11] Sihombing ENAM, Syaputra MYA. Implementasi penggunaan kecerdasan buatan dalam pembentukan peraturan daerah. Jurnal Ilmiah Kebijakan Hukum. 2020;14(3):419-434. http://dx.doi.org/10.30641/kebijakan.2020.V14.419-434

[12] Publik KK. Dua sisi mata uang teknologi kecerdasan buatan dalam pencegahan Covid-19. Universitas Padjadjaran; 2020 May 20. Available from: https://www.unpad.ac.id/2020/05/dua-sisi-mata-uang-teknologi-kecerdasanbuatan-dalam-pencegahan-covid-19/

[13] BPPT. Strategi nasional kecerdasan artifisial Indonesia 2020-2045, AI towards Indonesia vision 2045. 2020.

[14] FHUI H. Hukum tak lekang dengan teknologi. Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia; 2019 Sep 9. Available from: https://law.ui.ac.id/v3/hukum-tak-lekangdengan-teknologi/

[15] Machmudin DD. Pengantar ilmu hukum (Sebuah sketsa). Bandung: PT Refika Aditama; 2000. Jaya F, Goh W. Analisis yuridis terhadap kedudukan kecerdasan buatan atau artificial intelligence sebagai subjek hukum pada hukum positif Indonesia. Supremasi Hukum. 2021;17(2):1-11.

[16] Abshar MFN. Hati-hati! Begini ketentuan menggunakan artificial intelligence! Smartlegal; 2021 Jun 18. Available from: https://smartlegal.id/pse/2021/06/18/hatihati-begini-ketentuan-menggunakan-artificial-intelligence/

[17] Article 36 paragraphs (1) and (3) of Government regulation number 71 of 2019 concerning the implementation of electronic systems and transactions (PP PSE).

[18] Suksi M. Administrative due process when using automated decision-making in public administration: Some notes from a Finnish perspective. Artificial Intelligence and Law. 2021;29:87-100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-020-09269-x

[19] Carneiro D, de Andrade FA, Neves JM, Novais PJ, Zeleznikow J. Online dispute resolution: An artificial intelligence perspective. Artificial Intelligence Review. 2014; 41(2): 227-228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-011-9305-z

[20] Kusumawardani QD. Hukum progresif dan perkembangan teknologi kecerdasan buatan. Veritas et Justitia. 2019;5(1):166-190. https://doi.org/10.25123/vej.3270

[21] Law number 30 of 2014 concerning Government administration.