Published date: Jun 07 2022

Journal Title: KnE Life Sciences

Issue title: The First Asian PGPR Indonesian Chapter International e-Conference 2021

Pages: 328–339

DOI: 10.18502/kls.v7i3.11134

S Purwaningsihsipur2005@yahoo.co.idMicrobiology Division, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Indonesia

N MulyaniMicrobiology Division, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Indonesia

A A NugrohoMicrobiology Division, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Indonesia

N L SurianiDepartement of Biology, Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University, Indonesia

Azotobacter is a nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L) in a greenhouse were studied to examine physiological characterization and efficacy of Azotobacter isolated from the rhizosphere and soil. The goal was to isolate Azotobacter that could be used as a biological fertilizer. There were 21 Azotobacter isolated, with 17 capable of nitrogen-fixing activity, 16 capable of protease activity, six capable of IAA activity, and 13 capable of phosphate dissolution. Each treatment was carried out three times in the experiment, which was completely randomized. At 105 days, the seedlings were harvested. The height of the plants, the number of leaves, the dry weight of the straw and grain, and the number of panicles and seeds were all evaluated. The results showed that rice yields were higher when 1 KZ was isolated from the turi plant (Sesbania grandiflora) and 15 KZ was isolated from the akasia plant (Acasia mangium).

Keywords: Azotobacter, Rice Growth, Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria

[1] Dashadi M, Khosravi H, Moezzi A, Nadian H, Heidari M, Radjabi R. Co-Inoculation of Rhizobium and Azotobacter on Growth Indices of Faba Bean under Water Stress in the Green House Condition. Advanced Studies in Biology. 2011. 3:373-385.

[2] Sianipar M, Edwan K, Syarif H. The application of biosurfactant produced by Azotobacter sp. for oil recovery and reducing the hydrocarbon loading in bioremediation process. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development. 2016. 7(7):494-498.

[3] Shahzad R, Waqas M, Khan AL, Asaf S, Khan MA, Kang S, Yun B, Lee I. Seed-borne endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RWL-1 produces gibberellins and regulates endogenous phytohormones of Oryza sativa. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 2016. 106:236- 243.

[4] Chaiharn M, Lumyong S. Screening and Optimization of Indole-3-Acetic Acid Production and Phosphate Solubilization from Rhizobacteria Aimed at Improving Plant Growth. Current Microbiology. 2011. 62:173-181.

[5] Gomare KS, Mese M, Shetkar Y. Isolation of Azotobacter and Cost Effective Production of Biofertilizer. Indian Journal of Applied Research. 2013. 3(5):54-56

[6] Aly MM, El-Sayed A, El-Sayed H, Jastaniah SD. Synergistic effect between azotobacter vinelandii and Streptomyces sp. isolated from saline soil on seed germination and growth of wheat plant. Journal of American Science. 2012 8(5):667- 676.

[7] Wang S, Perez PG, Ye J, Huang D. Abundance and diversity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in rhizosphere and bulk paddy soil under different duration of organic management. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2012;28(2):493– 503.

[8] Fitriatin BN, Khumairah FH, Setiawati MR, Suryatmana P, Hindersah R, Nurbaity A, Herdiyantoro D, Simarmata T. Evaluation of Biofertilizer Consortium on Rice at Different Salinity Levels. Asian Journal of Microbial, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences. 2018. 20(4):1102-1105.

[9] Ponmurugan K, Sankaranarayanan A, Al-Dharbi NA. Biological activities of plant growth promoting Azotobacter sp. isolat from vegetable crops rhizosphere soil. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology. 2012. 6(4):1689-1698.

[10] Lay BW. Analisis Mikroba di Laboratorium. Jakarta. Raja Grafindo Persada; 1994.

[11] Dobereiner J. The genera of Azospirillum and Herbaspirillum in the prokaryotes. 2nd ed. New York: Spinger-Verlag; 1991.

[12] Basha S, Ulaganathan K. Antagonism of Bacillus sp. BC121 towards Curvularia lunata Current Science. 2002. 82(12):1457-1463.

[13] Gravel V, Aunton H, Tweddell RJ. Effect of indole-acetic acid (IAA) on the development of symptoms caused by Pythium ultimum on tomato plants. European Journal of Plant Pathology. 2007. 119:457-462.

[14] Gupta RS, Rekha S, Aparna, Kuhad RC. A Modified Plate Assay for Screening Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms. Journal of General Applied Microbiology. 1994. 40:255-260.

[15] Naz I, Bano A, Rehman B, Pervaiz S, Iqbal M, Sarwar A, Yasmin F. Potential of Azotobacter vinelandii Khsr1 as bio-inoculant. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2012. 11(45):10368-10372.

[16] Kalaigandhi VE, Kannapiran, Harimuraleedharan, Michael A, Sivakumar T, Arasu VT. International Journal of Biological Technology. 2010;1(1):63-63.

[17] Abera T, Semu E, Debele T, Wegary D, Kim H. Determination Soil Rhizobium Populations, Intrinsic Antibiotic Resistance Nodulation and Seed Yield of Faba Bean and Soybean in Western Ethiopia World Journal of Agricultural Science. 2015. 11(5):311-324.

[18] Upadhyay S, Kumar N, Singh VK, Singh A. Isolation, characterization and morphological study of Azotobacter isolates. Journal of Applied and Natural Science. 2015. 7(2):984-990.

[19] Suganthi C, Mageswari A, Karthikeyan S, Anbalagan M, Sivakumar, Gothandam KM. Screening and optimization of protease production from a halotolerant Bacillus licheniformis isolated from saltern sediments. Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology. 2013. 11:47-52.

[20] Keyeo F, Noor O, Amir HG. The Effects of Nitrogen Fixation Activity and Phytohormone Production of Diazotroph in Promoting Growth of Rice Seedlings Biotechnology. 2011. 10 (3) 267–273.

[21] Karpagam T, Nagalakshmi PK. Isolation and characterization of Phosphate SolubilizingMicrobes from Agricultural soil. Intenational Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Science. 2014. 3(3):601-614.

[22] Jimenez DJ, Montana JS, Martinez MM. Characterization of free nitrogen fixing bacteria of the genus Azotobacter in organic vegetable-grown Colombian soils. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology. 2011. 42(3):846–858.

[23] Hajnal-Jafari T, Latkovic D, Duric S, Mrkovacki N, Najdenovska O. The use of Azotobacxter in organic maize production. Research Journal of Agricultural Science. 2012. 44(2):28-32.

[24] Sahoo RK, Ansari MW, Dangar TK, Mohanty S, Tuteja N. Phenotypic and molecular characterisation of efficient nitrogen-fixing Azotobacter strains from rice fields for crop improvement . Protoplasma. 2014. 251 (3):511-523.