Journal of Ophthalmic and Vision Research
ISSN: 2008-322X
The latest research in clinical ophthalmology and the science of vision.
Neuro-ophthalmic Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Its Vaccination: A Narrative Review
Published date: Feb 13 2023
Journal Title: Journal of Ophthalmic and Vision Research
Issue title: Jan–Mar 2023, Volume 18, Issue 1
Pages: 113–122
Authors:
Abstract:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a current pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 that has vastly affected the whole world. Although respiratory disease is the most common manifestation of COVID-19, the virus can affect multiple organs. Neurotropic aspects of the virus are increasingly unfolding, in so far as some respiratory failures are attributed to brainstem involvement. The neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of COVID-19 and the neuro-ophthalmic side effects of vaccination were reviewed. The major findings are that the SARS-CoV-2 infection commonly causes headaches and ocular pain. It can affect the afferent and efferent visual pathways by ischemic or inflammatory mechanisms. Optic nerve may be the origin of transient or permanent visual loss from papillophlebitis, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, or optic neuritis. Cerebrovascular strokes are not uncommon and may lead to cortical visual impairment or optic nerve infarction. SARSCoV- 2 may affect the pupillomotor pathways, resulting in tonic pupil (Adie’s syndrome) or Horner’s syndrome. Cranial neuropathies including third, fourth, sixth, and seventh nerve palsies have all been reported. Rhino-orbital mucormycosis superinfections in COVID-19 patients receiving steroids or other immunosuppressive therapies may result in unilateral or bilateral visual loss and ophthalmoplegia. Autoimmune conditions such as Guillain- Barré, Miller-Fisher syndrome, and ocular myasthenia have been reported.
Keywords: Corona Virus, COVID-19, Neuro-ophthalmology, Vaccination, Vision Loss
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