Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

Published date: Sep 30 2025

Journal Title: Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

Issue title: Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques: Volume 13, Issue 3

Pages: 190 - 196

DOI: 10.18502/jett.v13i3.19292

Khalid Khankhalidkhancivil543@gmail.comDepartment of Civil Engineering, SUIT, Peshawar

Arshad Aliarshad.civil@suit.edu.pkDepartment of Civil Engineering, SUIT, Peshawar

M Amir Hamzaamirhamza12438@gmail.comDepartment of Civil Engineering, SUIT, Peshawar

‎ Sadammullahsadamkhanengineering@gmail.comDepartment of Civil Engineering, SUIT, Peshawar

Midrar Khanmidrarkhan41@gmail.comDepartment of Civil Engineering, SUIT, Peshawar

M Talha Ishfaqyawarktk777@gmail.comDepartment of Civil Engineering, SUIT, Peshawar

‎ Shamashama.civil@suit.edu.pkDepartment of Civil Engineering, SUIT, Peshawar

Untreated wastewater is a significant global problem, with more than 80% being released untreated, which is the cause of health and environmental risks. In areas such as Swat, Pakistan, total dependence on costly imported chemical coagulants such as alum and ferric salts results in low sewage treatment, causing extreme pollution. This research explores the effectiveness of domestically available Moringa oleifera seed powder as a natural coagulant for municipal wastewater in Swat. Grab samples taken every week from five locations were tested for the important parameters (pH, turbidity, COD, BOD₅, TSS, and TDS). Laboratory-scale jar tests tested Moringa doses (25–150 mg/L). Findings indicate that an optimal dose of 250 mg/L resulted in a maximum reduction of turbidity by 87%, COD by 67%, and BOD5 by 65% and produced biodegradable sludge that could be composted. Results indicate that Moringa oleifera is an environmentally friendly and cost-effective coagulant alternative to traditional coagulants, contributing to the achievement of SDG 6 and SDG 12 goals for sustainable wastewater management in developing countries.

Keywords: Moringa oleifera, natural coagulant, municipal wastewater, turbidity removal, sustainable treatment

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