International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine

ISSN: 2476-3772

The latest discoveries in all areas of reproduction and reproductive technology.

 

Clomiphene citrate impairs the endometrial CD98 expression in ovariectomized and non-ovariectomized rats: Role of HCG

Published date:Jul 29 2019

Journal Title: International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine

Issue title: International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine (IJRM): Volume 17, Issue No. 6

Pages:385 - 394

DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v17i6.4809

Authors:

Behpour YousefiAbnormal Uterine Bleeding Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran

Elnaz Rahbarelnazrahbar@gmail.comDepartment of Anatomy, Medicine Faculty, Semnan University of Medical Science, Semnan, Iran

Abstract:

Background: Clomiphene citrate (CC) is one of the widely used drugs as an ovulation stimulant, but its adverse effects on the endometrium results in lowering down the pregnancy rate. Endometrium CD98 is also important in the process of implantation.

Objective: To evaluate the immunohistochemistry expression levels of endometrial CD98 following injection of CC with and without Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in ovariectomized and non-ovariectomized rats.

Materials and Methods: Seventy two (12-14 wk old) female Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups (n = 36): (a) ovariectomized and (b) non-ovariectomized. Each group was further divided into six subgroups (n = 6/each): (1) CC 10 mg/kg, (2) CC 20 mg/kg, (3) HCG, (4) CC 10 mg/kg with HCG, (5) CC 20 mg/kg with HCG, and (6) control. The experimental subgroups received a single dose of CC (daily, five days) and HCG (after the last injection of CC) alone or in combination. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed on paraffin-embedded endometrial tissues to evaluate the expression levels of CD98.

Result: Animals undergoing ovariectomy presented a significantly lower expression level of endometrial CD98 (p < 0.001) when compared with non-ovariectomized in the same condition that groups were subdivided. There was also a dose-dependent reduction (p < 0.001) in the expression of CD98 in non-ovariectomized subgroups when compared with control group. In addition, injection of HCG following treatment with CC improved its expression.

Conclusion: It was concluded that CC impairs CD98 expression in endometrium and this impairment is intensified with the removal of the ovary. Also, an injection of HCG following treatment with CC can slightly improve the expression of CD98.

References:

[1] Agrawal K, Gainder S, Dhaliwal LK, Suri V. Ovulation induction using clomiphene citrate using stair-step regimen versus traditional regimen in polycystic ovary syndrome women- a randomized control trial. J Hum Reprod Sci 2017;10: 261–264.

[2] Selim MF, Tamer Farouk B. Letrozole and clomiphene citrate effect on endometrial and subendometrial vascularity in treating infertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Gynecol Surg 2012; 28, 33–39.

[3] Nelson LM, Hershlag A, Kurl RS, Hall JL, Stillman RJ. Clomiphene citrate directly impairs endometrial receptivity
in the mouse. Fertil Steril 1990; 53: 727–731.

[4] Lacin S, Vatansever S, Kuscu NK, Koyuncu F, Ozbilgin K, Ceylan E. Clomiphene citrate does not affect the secretion of alpha3, alphaV and beta1 integrin molecules during the implantation window in patients with unexplained infertility. Hum Reprod 2001; 16: 2305–2309.

[5] Tassell R, Chamley WA, Kennedy JP. Gonadotrophin levels and ovarian development in the neonatal ewe lamb. Aust J Biol Sci 1978; 31: 267–273.

[6] Klein M. The impact of accounts and attributions following marital infidety. Columbia: University of Missouri; 2007: 1–147.

[7] Dominguez F, Simon C, Quinonero A, Ramirez MA, Gonzalez-Munoz E, Burghardt H, et al. Human endometrial
CD98 is essential for blastocyst adhesion. PloS One 2010; 5: e13380.

[8] Bildac

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