Published date: Dec 06 2024

Journal Title: International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine

Issue title: International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine (IJRM): Volume 22, Issue No. 10

Pages: 793–800

DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v22i10.17667

Malihe Nourollahpour ShiadehSexual and Reproductive Health Research Centre, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.

Ommolbanin Zaremahyazare@yahoo.comDepartment of Midwifery, Comprehensive Health Research Center, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran.

Mahmood MoosazadehGastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-communicable Disease Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.

Azadeh KiapourDepartment of Statistics, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran.

Sima ElyasiDepartment of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.

Background: Considering the conflicting evidence that exists regarding the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on pregnancy and newborn outcomes, it is necessary to conduct this research during the first year in the north of Iran, a highly visited and trafficked place, which increases the possibility of contracting the virus and severity of the infection.

Objective: This study aimed to compare maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women with and without COVID-19.

Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, data from 160 pregnant women referred to 3 hospitals in Mazandaran, Iran from April 2020 to March 2021 were extracted from their medical records using checklists. Participants were divided into 2 groups: group A) 80 pregnant women with COVID-19 and group B) 80 noninfected pregnant women. All information related to maternal and neonatal outcomes were extracted and compared from the files of the 2 groups. The results obtained from comparing 2 groups of pregnant women from the result of the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction test were analyzed.

Results: The most common symptoms in the COVID-19 group were fever and cough. Pregnancy complications such as abortion, pre-eclampsia, and premature birth were not significant between groups (p = 0.4, 0.45, 0.45, respectively). No statistically significant difference was observed between groups regarding maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Conclusion: Despite the peak and severity of the COVID-19 disease in the first year of the pandemic, it seems that it had no effect on maternal and neonatal outcomes in each trimester of pregnancy in affected women.

Keywords: Pregnancy, COVID-19, Outcome.

[1] Papapanou M, Papaioannou M, Petta A, Routsi E, Farmaki M, Vlahos N, et al. Maternal and neonatal characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 in pregnancy: An overview of systematic reviews. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18: 596.

[2] Qiancheng X, Jian S, Lingling P, Lei H, Xiaogan J, Weihua L, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 95: 376–383.

[3] Pettirosso E, Giles M, Cole S, Rees M. COVID-19 and pregnancy: A review of clinical characteristics, obstetric outcomes and vertical transmission. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2020; 60: 640–659.

[4] Tanacan A, Yazihan N, Erol SA, Anuk AT, Yetiskin FDY, Biriken D, et al. The impact of COVID-19 infection on the cytokine profile of pregnant women: A prospective case-control study. Cytokine 2021; 140: 155431.

[5] Marín Gabriel MA, Vergeli MR, Caserío Carbonero S, Sole L, Carrizosa Molina T, Rivero Calle I, et al. Maternal, perinatal and neonatal outcomes with COVID-19: A multicenter study of 242 pregnancies and their 248 infant newborns during their first month of life. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2020; 39: e393-e397.

[6] Kumar P, Kumar B, Saha M. Development of intrauterine growth restriction following COVID-19 infection in third trimester of pregnancy. J West Bengal Univ Health Sci 2021; 1: 71–75.

[7] Abdelazim IA, AbuFaza M, Al-Munaifi S. COVID-19 positive woman presented with preterm labor: Case report. Gynecol Obstet Reprod Med 2021; 27: 294–296.

[8] Gao Y-J, Ye L, Zhang J-Sh, Yin Y-X, Liu M, Yu H-B, et al. Clinical features and outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20: 564.

[9] Daclin C, Carbonnel M, Rossignol M, Abbou H, Trabelsi H, Cimmino A, et al. Impact of COVID-19 infection in pregnancy and neonates: A case control study. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2022; 51: 102366.

[10] Taghavi S-A, Heidari S, Jahanfar S, Amirjani S, Aji-Ramkani A, Azizi-Kutenaee M, et al. Obstetric, maternal, and neonatal outcomes in COVID-19 compared to healthy pregnant women in Iran: A retrospective, case-control study. Middle East Fertil Soc J 2021; 26: 17.

[11] Chen D, Yang H, Cao Y, Cheng W, Duan T, Fan C, et al. Expert consensus for managing pregnant women and neonates born to mothers with suspected or confirmed novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2020; 149: 130–136.

[12] Elsaddig M, Khalil A. Effects of the COVID pandemic on pregnancy outcomes. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2021; 73: 125–136.

[13] Esmailpour Estarkhi R, Borghei NS, Mehrbakhsh Z, Rahimian Sh. Clinical signs and maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 hospitalized in the first and second wave of coronavirus in Golestan province. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil 2022; 25: 59–69.

[14] Chen H, Guo J, Wang Ch, Luo F, Yu X, Zhang W, et al. Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: A retrospective review of medical records. Lancet 2020; 395: 809–815.

[15] Hirshberg A, Kern-Goldberger AR, Levine LD, Pierce-Williams R, Short WR, Parry S, et al. Care of critically ill pregnant patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A case series. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 223: 286–290.

[16] Wang A, Liu C, Wang Y, Yin A, Wu J, Zhang C, et al. Pregnancy outcomes after human papillomavirus vaccination in periconceptional period or during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16: 581–589.

[17] Son M, Gallagher K, Lo JY, Lindgren E, Burris HH, Dysart K, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and pregnancy outcomes in a US population. Obstet Gynecol 2021; 138: 542.

[18] Wong YP, Tan GC, Omar SZ, Mustangin M, Singh Y, Salker MS, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy: Placental histomorphological patterns, disease severity and perinatal outcomes. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19: 9517.

[19] Pratama NR, Wafa IA, Budi DS, Putra M, Wardhana MP, Wungu CDK. COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy: A systematic review. Medrxiv. 2021: (Preprint)

[20] Dubey P, Reddy SY, Manuel S, Dwivedi AK. Maternal and neonatal characteristics and outcomes among COVID-19 infected women: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 252: 490–501.

[21] Gold S, Saeed H, Mokhtari N, Chornock RL, Fries M, Overcash R, et al. 564 comparison of clinical outcomes in pregnant women with and without COVID-19 based on disease severity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 224: S357.

[22] Della Gatta AN, Rizzo R, Pilu G, Simonazzi G. Coronavirus disease 2019 during pregnancy: A systematic review of reported cases. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 223: 36–41.