Published date: Aug 08 2022

Journal Title: International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine

Issue title: International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine (IJRM): Volume 20, Issue No. 7

Pages: 549-560

DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v20i7.11557

Mahsa Dehghan-ManshadiDepartment of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Mohammad-Ali Azarbayjanim_azarbayjani@iauctb.ac.irDepartment of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Sirvan AtashakDepartment of Exercise Physiology, Mahabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahabad, Iran.

Maghsoud PeeriDepartment of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Saleh Rahmati- AhmadabadDepartment of Physical Education, Pardis Branch, Islamic Azad University, Pardis, Iran.

Background: Hormone therapy is one of the most effective treatments for menopausal disorders, but it may increase the risk of breast cancer, coronary heart disease, and pulmonary embolism.

Objective: The present study investigated the effect of resistance training with and without vitamin D calcium (Ca++) chitosan nanoparticles on apoptosis markers in ovariectomized rats.

Materials and Methods: 42 female Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups (n = 6/each). One group was assigned as the healthy controls to show the induction of menopause. The other 6 groups comprised ovariectomized (OVX) animals including: 1) vitamin D + calcium + chitosan + resistance training, 2) saline + estrogen + resistance training, 3) saline + resistance training, 4) vitamin D + calcium + chitosan, 5) saline + estrogen, and 6) OVX + control. 48 hr after the last intervention, the hippocampus tissue was extracted to measure the BCL-2-associated X (BAX), B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), and caspase-3 gene expression as well as the percentage of dead cells.

Results: OVX rats demonstrated increased BAX gene expression, ratio of BAX gene expression to BCL-2, caspase-3 gene expression, and percentage of dead cells of hippocampal tissue, but decreased BCL-2 gene expression. Resistance training and vitamin D Ca++ chitosan nanoparticle supplements seemed to reverse these changes.

Conclusion: The combination of resistance training and vitamin D Ca++ chitosan nanoparticle supplements may be considered a non-pharmacological treatment for OVX-induced apoptosis.

Key words: Apoptosis, BCL-2-associated X protein, Caspase-3, Estrogen replacement therapy, Hormone replacement therapy.

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