Published date: Sep 09 2021

Journal Title: ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.

Issue title: Volume 1, Issue 6

Pages: 1560–1569

DOI: 10.18502/espoch.v1i6.9643

Lino Arturo Rojas Pérezlinoarojas@hotmail.comFacultad de Salud Pública, Carrera de Medicina, Facultad de Salud Pública, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Riobamba, Ecuador

Lino Arturo Rojas CruzProSalud Medical Center, Jacinto Gonzales 1951 y Rey Cacha, Riobamba, Ecuador

María Daniela Villagómez VegaProSalud Medical Center, Jacinto Gonzales 1951 y Rey Cacha, Riobamba, Ecuador

Augusto Ernesto Rojas CruzCentro de Salud de Chocaví, Zona 3, Distrito Guano‐ Penipe, Ministerio de Salud Pública, Chocaví, Guano, Ecuador

Andrés Eduardo Rojas CruzHospital de Especialidades de las Fuerzas Armadas No 1, Queseras del Medio y Gran Colombia, Quito, Ecuador

Introduction: The risk factors play a fundamental role in the prevention of Gestational Diabetes, and an early and timely diagnosis will considerably reduce the risk of complications of said pathology. Methodology: Virtual scientific libraries have been used as Cochane, BVS, Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, EBSCO, and searchers of scientific information as Mendeley, UptoDate, Taylor & Francis, to find the best available evidence, subsequently the highest quality scientific bibliography has been selected, from which all those that meet the inclusion criteria and do not meet any criteria have been chosen exclusion, subsequently all scientific articles have been reviewed to acquire from them the most relevant and solid information for the creation of this systematic review. Results: We found 33 scientific articles that meet all the inclusion criteria and no exclusion criteria. Discussion: Gestational Diabetes is characterized from the pathophysiological point of view as a state of hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and decreased insulin secretion by beta-pancreatic cells, it is known that risk factors influence the genesis of disease and its prevention. Currently two diagnostic strategies are used, but the most recommended is the one-step strategy with an oral glucose load of 75 grams, which has shown better results for its diagnosis. Conclusions: Due to the complications that Gestational Diabetes can produce in both the mother and the fetus, it is important to create early diagnosis programs, active search for pregnant women and awareness of self-care during pregnancy.

Keywords: diabetes, gestational diabetes, risk factors, diagnosis.

RESUMEN

Introducción: Los factores de riesgo juegan un papel fundamental en la prevención de la Diabetes Gestacional, y un diagnóstico temprano y oportuno reducirá considerablemente el riesgo de las complicaciones de dicha patología. Metodología: Se ha utilizado bibliotecas científicas virtuales como Cochane, BVS, Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, EBSCO, además de buscadores de información científica como Mendeley, UptoDate, Taylor & Francis, para encontrar la mejor evidencia disponible, posteriormente se ha seleccionado la bibliografía científica de más alta calidad, de los cuales se han elegido todos los que cumplas los criterios de inclusión y no cumplan ningún criterio de exclusión, posteriormente se han revisado todos los artículos científicos para adquirir de ellos la información más relevante y sólida para la creación de esta revisión. Resultados: Se han encontrado 33 artículos científicos que cumplen con todos los criterios de inclusión y ningún criterio de exclusión. Discusión: La Diabetes Gestacional se caracteriza desde el punto de vista fisiopatológico como un estado de hiperglicemia, resistencia a la insulina y disminución de la secreción de insulina por parte de las células beta-pancreáticas, se conoce que los factores de riesgo influyen en la génesis de la enfermedad y de su prevención. Actualmente se utiliza dos estrategias diagnósticas, pero la más recomendada es la estrategia de un paso con carga oral de glucosa de 75 gramos, que ha demostrado mejores resultados para su diagnóstico. Conclusiones: Debido a las complicaciones que la Diabetes Gestacional puede producir tanto en la madre como el en feto, es importante crear programas de diagnóstico temprano, búsqueda activa de gestantes y generación de conciencia del autocuidado durante el embarazo.

Palabras clave: diabetes, diabetes gestacional, factores de riesgo, diagnóstico.

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