Published date: Aug 26 2021

Journal Title: ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.

Issue title: Volume 1, Issue 1

Pages: 294–312

DOI: 10.18502/espoch.v1i1.9565

R. Peña Murillorobinson.pena@espoch.edu.ecGrupo de Investigación y Transferencia de Tecnología en Recursos Hídricos (GITRH), Centro Experimental del Riego (CER), Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Riobamba, Ecuador

J. Velasteguí CáceresGrupo de Investigación y Transferencia de Tecnología en Recursos Hídricos (GITRH), Centro Experimental del Riego (CER), Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Riobamba, Ecuador

J. León RuizGrupo de Investigación y Transferencia de Tecnología en Recursos Hídricos (GITRH), Centro Experimental del Riego (CER), Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Riobamba, Ecuador

The root system of the potato (Solanum spp.) is often characterized as superficial and inefficient, with little capacity to extract water from the soil. Through a geographical study of the study area and root dynamics, the root behavior of the Victoria variety in Riobamba, Ecuador was evaluated, with the aim of assessing the applicability of “drip irrigation strategies with different levels of soil moisture” that allow the optimization of the water resource and the degree of tolerance of the crop to the lack of water through three treatments, 25%, 50% and 75%, between the levels of field capacity and permanent wilting point that are equivalent to 12.25% (T1), 10.5% (T2) and 8.75% (T3) of sandy loam soil moisture. Through front-wall rhizotrons the gravimetric method for recording soil moisture, and the Scheffé test, with a randomized block experimental design, were completed. The maximum root development was reached 110 days after the cultivation was established, with 77.5 cm (T3) at lower water availability. The maximum yield was reached at 132 days, with 34.72 t/ha (T1), followed by 32.11 t/ha (T2) with 126 days, and 28.45 t/ha (T3) with 121 days. Therefore, it is concluded that the maximum permissible humidity level for the variety is 10.5%, since lower levels would generate large losses.

Keywords: rizotron, drip irrigation, soil moisture, geographical analysis.

Resumen

El sistema de raíces de la papa (Solanum spp.) a menudo se caracteriza por ser superficial e ineficiente, con poca capacidad para extraer agua del suelo. Mediante un estudio geográfico del área de estudio y la dinámica radicular se evalúa el comportamiento radicular de la variedad victoria en Riobamba-Ecuador, con el objetivo de valorar la aplicabilidad de estrategias de “riego por goteo con diferentes niveles de humedad en el suelo” que permitan la optimización del recurso hídrico y el grado de tolerancia del cultivo a la falta de agua mediante tres tratamientos 25%, 50% y 75% entre los niveles de capacidad de campo y punto de marchitez permanente que equivalen a 12,25%(T1), 10,5%(T2) y 8,75%(T3) de humedad del suelo franco arenoso. A través de rizotrones de pared frontal, el método gravimétrico para el registro de la humedad del suelo y la prueba de Scheffé, con un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar. El máximo desarrollo radicular se alcanzó a los 110 días de establecido el cultivo con 77,5cm (T3) a una menor disponibilidad de agua. El rendimiento máximo se alcanzó a los 132 días con 34,72t/ha (T1), seguido de 32,11t/ha (T2) con 126 días y 28,45t/ha (T3) con 121 días. Por lo tanto, se concluye que el máximo nivel de humedad permisible para la variedad es 10,5%, ya que niveles inferiores generarían grandes pérdidas.

Palabras claves: rizotrón, riego por goteo, humedad del suelo, análisis geográfico.

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