Published date: Jul 24 2024

Journal Title: ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M.

Issue title: Volume 3, Issue 3

Pages: 237–257

DOI: 10.18502/espoch.v3i3.16623

Jorge L. LojaComparación de emisiones de gases de escape de un vehículo con motor de combustión interna en alta y baja congestión para una ciudad de altura

Pollution generated by the automotive sector is one of the biggest concerns in the city of Quito. This is due to the fact that the majority of vehicles in the automotive fleet use fossil fuels as a source of propulsion energy. In addition, the heterogeneity of the technologies of the fuel injection systems means that the control of polluting emissions is highly limited. On the other hand, due to the high number of vehicles and the topographical characteristics of the city, high traffic congestion is generated during rush hours, producing abrupt changes in acceleration and reduction of stoichiometric mixtures. Based on the above, it was pertinent to compare the exhaust gas emissions that are produced in high and low vehicular congestion for a vehicle with an internal combustion engine Likewise, the correlations of the gases for both scenarios were determined. To do this, emissions were measured in a Mazda 3 vehicle on a major city route during rush hours and on weekends. A Kane Autoplus gas analyzer was used for exhaust gas measurement, and data logging was done on the Kane Live app. The results showed that in rush hours, the vehicle emits higher amounts of CO2, CO, and HC up to 0.7%; 128.5%; and 65.5%, respectively. There are moderate and strong correlations of O2-CO2 and CO-HC in high and low vehicular congestion, with Pearson’s correlation values greater than 0.5.

Keywords: exhaust gases, internal combustion engine, pollution, route, rush hours, traffic.

Resumen

La contaminación generada por el sector automotriz, es uno de los mayores problemas que enfrenta la ciudad de Quito. Esto se debe a que la mayoría de vehículos del parque automotor, utilizan combustibles fósiles como fuente de energía de propulsión. Además, la heterogeneidad de las tecnologías de los sistemas de inyección de combustible, hace que el control de emisiones contaminantes se limite considerablemente. Por otro lado, debido al elevado número de vehículos y a las características topográficas de la ciudad, se genera una elevada congestión vehicular en horas pico, produciendo cambios abruptos de aceleraciones y reducción de las mezclas estequiométricas. Con base a lo expuesto, fue pertinente comparar las emisiones de gases de escape que se producen en alta y baja congestión vehicular para un vehículo con motor de combustión interna, y así mismo, se determinó las correlaciones de los gases para ambos escenarios. Para ello, se midió las emisiones en un vehículo Mazda 3 sobre una ruta importante de la ciudad en horas pico y fines de semana. Se utilizó un analizador de gases Kane Autoplus para la medición de los gases de escape, y el registro de datos se efectuó en la aplicación Kane Live. Los resultados mostraron que en horas pico, el vehículo emite mayores cantidades de CO2, CO, HC de hasta el 0,77%; 6,66%; 94,69%, respectivamente. Existen moderadas y fuertes correlaciones de O2-CO2 y CO-HC en alta y baja congestión vehicular, con valores de correlación de Pearson superior a 0,5.

Palabras Clave: contaminación, gases de escape, horas pico, motor de combustión interna, ruta, tráfico.

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