Advances in Applied Nano-Bio Technologies

Published date: Oct 27 2025

Journal Title: Advances in Applied Nano-Bio Technologies

Issue title: Advances in Applied Nano-Bio Technologies: Volume 6 Issue 3

Pages: 83 - 97

DOI: 10.18502/aanbt.v6i3.18831

Hengameh DortajDortajH@mums.ac.irTissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad

Mohadese Noori JanginooriM@gmail.comDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad

Shabnam Askarishabnamaskari@gmail.comDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad

Bone defects arising from trauma, disease, or surgical resection pose considerable challenges in clinical practice, thereby requiring the development of effective regenerative strategies. This review comprehensively analyzes the histopathological outcomes of scaffold-guided bone regeneration for addressing challenging bone defects. We evaluate the properties of key scaffold materials, natural and synthetic polymers, ceramics, and composites, focusing on their biocompatibility, mechanical integrity, and degradation kinetics. By findings from recent studies employing advanced histological techniques, we elucidate the interplay between scaffold design (including architecture, porosity, and surface functionalization) and key histopathological indicators: osteoconductivity, angiogenesis, and the immune response. Our analysis confirms that tailored scaffold design is paramount for promoting osteogenesis and vascularization while modulating inflammation. Finally, we critically address persistent translational challenges, such as long-term biodegradation stability and the foreign body response, to chart a course for future research aimed at bridging the gap between experimental models and clinical application in regenerative medicine.

Keywords: scaffold, histopathology, bone, tissue engineering, regeneration

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