Advances in Applied Nano-Bio Technologies

Published date: Oct 27 2025

Journal Title: Advances in Applied Nano-Bio Technologies

Issue title: Advances in Applied Nano-Bio Technologies: Volume 6 Issue 3

Pages: 64 - 82

DOI: 10.18502/aanbt.v6i3.18621

Razieh AmiriDepartment of Endodontics, Dental School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran

Fatemeh ZareiDental School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz

Ehsan KhaksarCyprus Health and Social Sciences University, Guzelyurt

Melika RezaeiFaculty of Materials Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Isfahan

Mobina TaghipoorDental School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz

Yasamin GhahramaniGhahramani.yas@gmail.comOral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz

Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) have emerged as innovative tools in oncology, offering transformative potential for cancer diagnosis, treatment, and therapeutic monitoring. This review explores recent advancements in the application of CNMs, including carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, nanodiamonds, and fullerenes, in targeted drug delivery, photothermal therapy (PTT), and multimodal imaging. Their high surface area, tunable functionalization, and biocompatibility enhance drug solubility and reduce systemic toxicity compared to conventional therapies. For example, CNMbased platforms have been shown to efficiently deliver chemotherapeutic agents, siRNA, and immune modulators to tumor sites, while synergizing with PTT to ablate resistant cancer cells. Additionally, CNMs’ optical and magnetic properties enable real-time imaging and theranostic integration, improving treatment precision. Despite promising preclinical outcomes, challenges such as long-term biocompatibility, scalable synthesis, and regulatory hurdles remain barriers to clinical translation. This article critically evaluates recent in vitro and in vivo research, highlighting mechanisms of action, efficacy, and safety profiles of CNMs. By addressing current limitations and emphasizing interdisciplinary collaboration, CNM-based therapies may redefine precision oncology, offering safer and more effective alternatives to traditional cancer interventions.

Keywords: carbon nanomaterials, photothermal therapy, drug delivery, colorectal cancer, immunotherapy

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