Published date: Dec 07 2023

Journal Title: KnE Social Sciences

Issue title: The International Conference on Environmental, Social and Governance (ICESG 2022)

Pages: 804–812

DOI: 10.18502/kss.v8i20.14640

Hun Chong Tanhun_20000274@utp.edu.myUniversiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia

Ding Hooi TingUniversiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia

Tomomi SudoKyushu Institute of Technology, Japan

This paper proposes an experimental design that policy makers can use to reduce and minimize the environmental catastrophes. This paper uses an experimental design and questionnaire survey to assess the effectiveness of students’ participatory approach to achieve pro-environmental behavior (PEB) and behavioral change strategy. The experiment comprises of assessing the effectiveness of (1) a video on the environmental catastrophe, (2) pictorial reading materials on environmental catastrophe, (3) a labbased simulated eco-tourism trip, and (4) the socialization process towards building PEB. Three time-phase studies could be employed as a participatory form of PEB. The first phase will assess the pro-environmental attributes; the second phase will be the experimental-based treatment; and the third phase assess the behavioral change (the third phase will assess the behavioral change through the same set of questionnaires as stage one). We will assess the changes based on the questionnaire surveys (phase 3 minus phase 1). The four stimuli will be administered randomly (each respondent will get the four sequences of the stimulus differently; the reason is to minimize the sequence order bias of the stimulus). The findings have the potential to position the effectiveness of different stimuli in promoting positive PEB outcomes among individuals. Through the study, we hope a major change will occur around the globe through the manifestations of the four stimuli to understand how it will affect behavioral change. We propose to target the student groups as they are the voices of the future, and their behavior has important implications for now and the future.

Keywords: video on the environmental catastrophe, pictorial reading materials on environmental catastrophe, lab-based simulated eco-tourism trip, socialization process, pro-environmental behavior

[1] Abbass K, Qasim MZ, Song H, Murshed M, Mahmood H, Younis I. A review of the global climate change impacts, adaptation, and sustainable mitigation measures. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Jun;29(28):42539–59.

[2] Andrew-Essien E. Art As a Dependable Driving Force In New Age Marketing. PINISI Discretion Review. 2021;5(1):9–20.

[3] Aygul Donmez-Turan IE. The analysis of pro-environmental behaviour based on ecological worldviews, environmental training/ knowledge and goal frames. J Clean Prod. 2021;279:123518.

[4] Bandura A, Walters RH. Social learning theory. Volume 1. Englewood cliffs: Prentice Hall; 1977.

[5] Ceyhan Aİ. Environmentalist Political Communication: Nation-Branding and Political Socialization Through Environmentalism Green Marketing in Emerging Economies. Springer; 2022. pp. 225–49.

[6] Chao SH, Jiang J, Wei KC, Ng E, Hsu CH, Chiang YT, et al. Understanding proenvironmental behavior of citizen science: an exploratory study of the bird survey in taoyuan’s farm ponds project. Sustainability (Basel). 2021;13(9):5126.

[7] Chon AY. The impact of the risk perception of ocean microplastics on tourists’ proenvironmental behavior intention. Sci Total Environ. 2021;774:.

[8] Coelho F, Pereira MC, Cruz L, Simões P, Barata E. Affect and the adoption of proenvironmental behaviour: A structural model. J Environ Psychol. 2017;54:127–38.

[9] Cooke AN, Fielding KS, Louis WR. Environmentally active people: the role of autonomy, relatedness, competence and self-determined motivation. Environ Educ Res. 2016;22(5):631–57.

[10] Egea-Medrano MA, Garrido-Rubia A, Rojo-Martínez JM. Political Iconography and Emotions in Electoral Campaigns: A Communicative Approach. Commun Soc. 2021;:215–30.

[11] Foroughi B, Arjuna N, Iranmanesh M, Kumar KM, Tseng ML, Leung N. Determinants of hotel guests’ pro-environmental behaviour: past behaviour as moderator. Int J Hospit Manag. 2022;102:103167.

[12] Gong X, Zhang J, Zhang H, Cheng M, Wang F, Yu N. Internet use encourages proenvironmental behavior: evidence from China. J Clean Prod. 2020;256:120725.

[13] Hua Y, Dong F, Goodman J. How to leverage the role of social capital in proenvironmental behavior: A case study of residents’ express waste recycling behavior in China. J Clean Prod. 2021;280:124376.

[14] Kaida N, Kaida K. Positive associations of optimism-pessimism orientation with proenvironmental behavior and subjective well-being: a longitudinal study on quality of life and everyday behavior. Qual Life Res. 2019 Dec;28(12):3323–32.

[15] Kalatzi Pantera D, Böhmelt T, Bakaki Z. The transnational influence of natural disasters on environmental attitudes. Eur J Polit Res. 2023;62(3):761–80.

[16] Kaur A, Chahal H. Role of social media in increasing environmental issue awareness. Res World. 2018;9(1):19–27.

[17] Khan MT, Anwar S, Batool Z. The role of infrastructure, socio-economic development, and food security to mitigate the loss of natural disasters. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Jul;29(35):52412–37.

[18] Klaniecki K, Leventon J, Abson DJ. Human–nature connectedness as a ‘treatment’for pro-environmental behavior: making the case for spatial considerations. Sustain Sci. 2018;13(5):1375–88.

[19] Klein SA, Hilbig BE. How virtual nature experiences can promote pro-environmental behavior. J Environ Psychol. 2018;60:41–7.

[20] Kolm SC. The theory of reciprocity The economics of reciprocity, giving and altruism. Springer; 2000. pp. 115–41.

[21] Li L. Pro-Environmental Behavior Predicted by Media Exposure, SNS Involvement, and Cognitive and Normative Factors. Environ Commun. 2021;15(7):954–68.

[22] Nicolau JL, Stadlthanner KA, Andreu L, Font X. Explaining the willingness of consumers to bring their own reusable coffee cups under the condition of monetary incentives. J Retailing Consum Serv. 2022;66:102908.

[23] Paço A, Lavrador T. Environmental knowledge and attitudes and behaviours towards energy consumption. J Environ Manage. 2017 Jul;197:384–92.

[24] Parven A, Pal I, Witayangkurn A, Pramanik M, Nagai M, Miyazaki H, et al. Impacts of disaster and land-use change on food security and adaptation: evidence from the delta community in Bangladesh. Int J Disaster Risk Reduct. 2022;78:103119.

[25] Perez A, Gaehle K, Sobczak B, Stein K. Virtual Simulation as a Learning Tool for Teaching Graduate Nursing Students to Manage Difficult Conversations. Clin Simul Nurs. 2022;62:66–72.

[26] Sawitri DR, Hadiyanto H, Hadi SP. Pro-environmental behavior from a socialcognitive theory perspective. Procedia Environ Sci. 2015;23:27–33.

[27] Shimoda A, Hayashi H, Sussman D, Nansai K, Fukuba I, Kawachi I, et al. Our health, our planet: a cross-sectional analysis on the association between health consciousness and pro-environmental behavior among health professionals. Int J Environ Health Res. 2020 Feb;30(1):63–74.

[28] Soni M. Mediating role of pro-environmental behavior in environmentally specific transformational leadership and subjective well-being. Benchmarking (Bradf). 2023;30(5):1485–505.

[29] Susman P, O’Keefe P, Wisner B. Global disasters, a radical interpretation Interpretations of calamity. Routledge; 2019. pp. 263–83.

[30] Taylor S, Sundararajan B, Munroe-Lynds CL. Live Long and Educate: Adult Learners and Situated Cognition in Game-Based Learning Handbook of Research on Acquiring 21st Century Literacy Skills Through Game-Based Learning. IGI Global; 2022. pp. 194–219.

[31] Tseng ML, Lin CW, Sujanto RY, Lim MK, Bui TD. Assessing sustainable consumption in packaged food in Indonesia: corporate communication drives consumer perception and behavior. Sustainability (Basel). 2021;13(14):8021.

[32] Wong, C. A., Afandi, S. H. M., Ramachandran, S., & Kunasekaran, P. (2018). CONCEPTUALIZING ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY AND FACTORS AFFECTING PRO-ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOUR. International Journal of Business & Society, 19.

[33] D. R. Sawitri, H. Hadiyanto, and S. P. Hadi, ”Pro-environmental behavior from a socialcognitive theory perspective,” Procedia Environmental Sciences, vol. 23, pp. 27-33, 2015.

[34] A. Paço and T. Lavrador, ”Environmental knowledge and attitudes and behaviours towards energy consumption,” Journal of environmental management, vol. 197, pp. 384-392, 2017.

[35] A. Bandura and R. H. Walters, Social learning theory vol. 1: Englewood cliffs Prentice Hall, 1977.

[36] S.-C. Kolm, ”The theory of reciprocity,” in The economics of reciprocity, giving and altruism, ed: Springer, 2000, pp. 115-141.

[37] E. Andrew-Essien, ”Art As a Dependable Driving Force In New Age Marketing,” PINISI Discretion Review, vol. 5, pp. 9-20, 2021.

[38] M.-L. Tseng, C.-W. R. Lin, R. Y. Sujanto, M. K. Lim, and T.-D. Bui, ”Assessing sustainable consumption in packaged food in Indonesia: Corporate communication drives consumer perception and behavior,” Sustainability, vol. 13, p. 8021, 2021.

[39] M.-A. Egea-Medrano, A. Garrido-Rubia, and J.-M. Rojo-Martínez, ”Political Iconography and Emotions in Electoral Campaigns: A Communicative Approach,” Communication & Society, pp. 215-230, 2021.

[40] S. Taylor, B. Sundararajan, and C.-L. Munroe-Lynds, ”Live Long and Educate: Adult Learners and Situated Cognition in Game-Based Learning,” in Handbook ofResearch on Acquiring 21st Century Literacy Skills Through Game-Based Learning, ed: IGI Global, 2022, pp. 194-219.

[41] A. Perez, K. Gaehle, B. Sobczak, and K. Stein, ”Virtual Simulation as a Learning Tool for Teaching Graduate Nursing Students to Manage Difficult Conversations,” Clinical Simulation in Nursing, vol. 62, pp. 66-72, 2022.

[42] A. İ. Ceyhan, ”Environmentalist Political Communication: Nation-Branding and Political Socialization Through Environmentalism,” in Green Marketing in Emerging Economies, ed: Springer, 2022, pp. 225-249.

[43] D. Kalatzi Pantera, T. Böhmelt, and Z. Bakaki, ”The transnational influence of natural disasters on environmental attitudes,” European Journal of Political Research, vol. 62, pp. 761-780, 2023.

[44] K. Abbass, M. Z. Qasim, H. Song, M. Murshed, H. Mahmood, and I. Younis, ”A review of the global climate change impacts, adaptation, and sustainable mitigation measures,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 29, pp. 42539- 42559, 2022.

[45] M. T. I. Khan, S. Anwar, and Z. Batool, ”The role of infrastructure, socioeconomic development, and food security to mitigate the loss of natural disasters,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 29, pp. 52412-52437, 2022.

[46] A. Parven, I. Pal, A. Witayangkurn, M. Pramanik, M. Nagai, H. Miyazaki, et al., ”Impacts of disaster and land-use change on food security and adaptation: Evidence from the delta community in Bangladesh,” International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, vol. 78, p. 103119, 2022.

[47] P. Susman, P. O’Keefe, and B. Wisner, ”Global disasters, a radical interpretation,” in Interpretations of calamity, ed: Routledge, 2019, pp. 263-283.

[48] L. Li, ”Pro-Environmental Behavior Predicted by Media Exposure, SNS Involvement, and Cognitive and Normative Factors,” Environmental Communication, vol. 15, pp. 954-968, 2021/10/03 2021.

[49] M. Soni, ”Mediating role of pro-environmental behavior in environmentally specific transformational leadership and subjective well-being,” Benchmarking: An International Journal, vol. 30, pp. 1485-1505, 2023.

[50] A. Y. D. J. J. Chon, ”The impact of the risk perception of ocean microplastics on tourists’ pro-environmental behavior intention,” Science of The Total Environment, vol. Volume 774„ 2021.

[51] I. E. K. Aygul Donmez-Turan, ”The analysis of pro-environmental behaviour based on ecological worldviews, environmental training/ knowledge and goal frames,” Journal of Cleaner Production

[52] 2021.

[53] A. N. Cooke, K. S. Fielding, and W. R. Louis, ”Environmentally active people: the role of autonomy, relatedness, competence and self-determined motivation,” Environmental Education Research, vol. 22, pp. 631-657, 2016.

[54] F. Coelho, M. C. Pereira, L. Cruz, P. Simões, and E. Barata, ”Affect and the adoption of pro-environmental behaviour: A structural model,” Journal of Environmental Psychology, vol. 54, pp. 127-138, 2017.

[55] B. Foroughi, N. Arjuna, M. Iranmanesh, K. M. Kumar, M.-L. Tseng, and N. Leung, ”Determinants of hotel guests’ pro-environmental behaviour: Past behaviour as moderator,” International Journal of Hospitality Management, vol. 102, p. 103167, 2022.

[56] J. L. Nicolau, K. A. Stadlthanner, L. Andreu, and X. Font, ”Explaining the willingness of consumers to bring their own reusable coffee cups under the condition of monetary incentives,” Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, vol. 66, p. 102908, 2022.

[57] S. A. Klein and B. E. Hilbig, ”How virtual nature experiences can promote proenvironmental behavior,” Journal of Environmental Psychology, vol. 60, pp. 41-47, 2018.

[58] K. Klaniecki, J. Leventon, and D. J. Abson, ”Human–nature connectedness as a ‘treatment’for pro-environmental behavior: making the case for spatial considerations,” Sustainability Science, vol. 13, pp. 1375-1388, 2018.

[59] A. Kaur and H. Chahal, ”Role of social media in increasing environmental issue awareness,” Researchers World, vol. 9, pp. 19-27, 2018.

[60] S.-H. Chao, J. Jiang, K.-C. Wei, E. Ng, C.-H. Hsu, Y.-T. Chiang, et al., ”Understanding pro-environmental behavior of citizen science: an exploratory study of the bird survey in taoyuan’s farm ponds project,” Sustainability, vol. 13, p. 5126, 2021.

[61] A. Shimoda, H. Hayashi, D. Sussman, K. Nansai, I. Fukuba, I. Kawachi, et al., ”Our health, our planet: a cross-sectional analysis on the association between health consciousness and pro-environmental behavior among health professionals,” International journal of environmental health research, vol. 30, pp. 63-74, 2020.

[62] N. Kaida and K. Kaida, ”Positive associations of optimism–pessimism orientation with pro-environmental behavior and subjective well-being: A longitudinal study on quality of life and everyday behavior,” Quality of Life Research, vol. 28, pp. 3323- 3332, 2019.

[63] X. Gong, J. Zhang, H. Zhang, M. Cheng, F. Wang, and N. Yu, ”Internet use encourages pro-environmental behavior: Evidence from China,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 256, p. 120725, 2020.

[64] Y. Hua, F. Dong, and J. Goodman, ”How to leverage the role of social capital in proenvironmental behavior: A case study of residents’ express waste recycling behavior in China,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 280, p. 124376, 2021.

[65] C. A. Wong, S. H. M. Afandi, S. Ramachandran, and P. Kunasekaran, ”CONCEPTUALIZING ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY AND FACTORS AFFECTING PROENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOUR,” International Journal of Business & Society, vol. 19, 2018.