Published date: Jul 18 2023

Journal Title: KnE Social Sciences

Issue title: Transdisciplinary Symposium on Business, Economics, and Communication (TSBEC 2022)

Pages: 878–885

DOI: 10.18502/kss.v8i12.13733

Najwa Mohd Khalilnajwamk@student.usm.myCentre for Islamic Development Management Studies (ISDEV), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia

Shereeza Mohamed SaniffCentre for Islamic Development Management Studies (ISDEV), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia

The advent of Covid-19 pandemic, which surprised the world in 2020, has increased the poverty gap worldwide. Malaysia is not spared. In Malaysia, zakat institutions endeavored to develop several poverty management programs to assist asnaf (poor and needy) in meeting their basic necessities while developing their own ability to escape the chains of poverty. Literature suggests that these asnaf are shackled in the poverty culture and requires close supervision. In the zeal of developing these asnaf as entrepreneurs to fulfill their tangible needs, they too need knowledge of their responsibilities as khalifah (caliphs) on earth. This study intends to examine asnaf entrepreneurial development from the perspective of Islamic-based development based on the first principle–tasawwur (or Islamic worldview). It seeks to identify how asnaf entrepreneurial development is associated with tasawwur as the mould to development. This concept covers three fundamental components of Islamic tasawwur. Based on the collection of secondary data through documents reviews and using content analysis, proves that developing asnaf entrepreneurs to be dynamic and pious entrepreneurs who are governed by the Quran’s teachings by emphasizing solely on tangible or material factors alone is inadequate. There needs to be concerted efforts to incorporate the three Islamic tasawwur components. The implication from the findings suggests that there is a need for zakat institutions, government agencies, NGOS, and the asnaf themselve to commit to develop asnaf entrepreneurs by incorporating these components in their poverty management strategies to ensure that the entrepreneurs that are born from such programs are materially independent, imbued with strong resilience requiring minimal supervision.

Keywords: Islamic tasawwur, asnaf entrepreneurs, Islamic development principles, Islamic-based development, zakat

[1] Low MB, MacMillan IC. Entrepreneurship: Past research and future challenges. Journal of management. 1988 Jun;14(2):139-161.

[2] Balwi MA. Mobilisasi zakat dalam pewujudan usahawan asnaf: satu tinjauan. Jurnal Syariah. 2008 Sep 1;16(3):567-584.

[3] New Straits Time. New poilcy to drive entrepreneurs. 2019. Retrieved from https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/07/503403/new-policy-driveentrepreneurs

[4] Ismail M, Sheriff S, Hussin H. Pemerkasaan program pembangunan ekonomi usahawan asnaf melalui dana zakat. Journal of Islamic Philanthropy & Social Finance ( JIPSF). 2021;3(2):52-65.

[5] Barham V, Boadway R, Marchand M, Pestieau P. Education and the poverty trap. European Economic Review. 1995 Aug 1;39(7):1257-1275.

[6] Abai DS, Awang MD, Yusoff AN, Majid AA, Hamli H. Bentuk bantuan modal agihan zakat asnaf dan pencapaian usahawan asnaf di Malaysia: Kajian empirikal. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH). 2020 Jan 30;5(1):93-99.

[7] Ismail MY. Zakat Instrumen Pembasmi Kemiskinan : Pengalaman Majlis Agama Islam Wilayah Persekutuan (MAIWP). Seminar Zakat Serantau (SZS). 2011: 1–40.

[8] Alim MN. Utilization and accounting of Zakat for productive purposes in Indonesia: A review. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2015 Nov 25;211:232-236.

[9] Suprayitno E, Kader RA, Harun A. The impact of zakat on aggregate consumption in Malaysia. Journal of Islamic Economics, Banking and Finance. 2013 Jan;9(1):39-62.

[10] Khamis MR, Hashim MJ, Arifin NA, Kamarudin MF, Radzi FM, Rahman AA. Factors determining the success of ASNAF entrepreneurs through the ASNAF Entrepreneurship Program. Empirical Economics Letters. 2021;20(8).

[11] Salleh MS. Tujuh Prinsip Pembangunan Berteraskan Islam (2nd ed.). Pulau Pinang: Pusat Kajian Pengurusan Pembangunan Islam (ISDEV), Universiti Sains Malaysia. 2021.

[12] Ahmad S. Membangun keusahawanan asnaf: Analisis konsep model pemindahan teknologi. Prosiding, Persidangan Kebangsaan Kebangsaan Ekonomi Malaysia ke-7. 2012.

[13] Meerangani KA, Mustafar MZ, Hamid MFA, Aziz MKNM. Keberkesanan Model Transformasi Usahawan Asnaf oleh Lembaga Zakat Selangor. Akademi Zakat (AZKAPPZ), June, 2021: 303–325.

[14] Rama A, Yusuf B. Construction of Islamic human development index. Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics. 2019;32(1):43-64.

[15] Salleh MS. Pengurusan pembangunan berteraskan Islam: Konsep dan perkaedahan. Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia; 2003.

[16] Salleh MS. Tujuh Prinsip Pembangunan Berteraskan Islam. Kuala Lumpur: Zebra Sdn. Bhd.; 2003.

[17] Hamid SA, Sa’ari CZ, Dahlan M, Dato’Dahaman A. Keutamaan Akhlak Dalam Pembangunan Keusahawanan Islam. Jurnal Syariah. 2016 Jun 1;24(2):271–286.

[18] Taylor SJ, Bogdan R, DeVault ML. Introduction to qualitative research methods (4th ed.). Canada: John Wiley & Sons; 2016.

[19] Creswell JW. Research design. Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). United States: SAGE publication; 2014.

[20] Kumar R. Research Methodology. A step by step guide for beginners (3rd ed.). London: SAGE; 2011.

[21] Hamid SA, Ishak MS, Hashim H. Penghayatan agama (Religiositi) dalam pembangunan keusahawanan. Jurnal Pembangunan Sosial. 2017 Sep 29;20:51-62.

[22] Marzuki N, Zulkifli S, Wahid H. Pengukuran Kejayaan Bantuan Modal Perniagaan Usahawan Asnaf Dalam Konteks Pencapaian Maqasid Al-Shari’ah: Kajian Di Daerah Kuala Terengganu Dan Kuala Nerus, Terengganu: The Measurement of Asnaf Business Capital Assistance in the Context of Maqā id al-Sharī ‘ah: A Study at Kuala Terengganu and Kuala Nerus, Terengganu. Jurnal Syariah. 2019 Aug 31;27(2):201- 232.

[23] Rahman RA, Ahmad S. Strategi pembangunan keusahawanan asnaf fakir dan miskin melalui agihan bantuan modal zakat. Jurnal Pengurusan. 2011;33(2):37-44.

[24] Mat Rania MA, Ahmad Rosli MS, Moidin S, Mohd Arif MI, Adenan F, Khairuldin NF. Pembangunan keusahawanan asnaf luar bandar di Negeri Pahang (Development of rural asnaf entrepreneurs in Pahang). Journal of Islamic Philanthropy & Social Finance ( JIPSF). 2020;2(1):48-60.

[25] Zakaria FB, Harun AB. Faktor kemahiran dan kejayaan usahawan asnaf: Amalan kerohanian Islam sebagai penyederhana. International Journal of Accounting, Finance and Business (IJAFB). 2019 Dec;4:98-108.

[26] Hamid SA. Keinginan Pencapaian Dan Pembangunan Keusahawanan: Perspektif Islam. International Journal. 2021 Dec;4(18):1-7.

[27] Zaini BJ, Sarkawi MN, Mansor R, Bohari AM, Mustaffa MA. Analisis terhadap faktorfaktor yang mempengaruhi sikap pelajar asnaf IPT terhadap keusahawanan. Journal website: journal. zakatkedah. com. my. 2021 Mar;3(1).