Published date: May 26 2023

Journal Title: KnE Social Sciences

Issue title: International Conference on Advance & Scientific Innovation (ICASI)

Pages: 108–118

DOI: 10.18502/kss.v8i9.13324

Lies K. Wulandarilieskwulandari@gmail.comInstitut Teknologi Nasional Malang, Malang, Indonesia

Vega AditamaInstitut Teknologi Nasional Malang, Malang, Indonesia

Hery SetyobudiarsoInstitut Teknologi Nasional Malang, Malang, Indonesia

Blackwater or domestic waste is a type of liquid waste that requires adequate treatment so as not to pollute the environment. The effectiveness of wastewater treatment can be increased by using multilevel filters and aquatic plants as remediation agents. This study aims to improve the quality of communal domestic wastewater (WWTP) by reducing the value of domestic waste quality parameters. This study used an aquatic plant used as a Blackwater remediation agent, namely Roots Wangi (Vetiveria zizanoides). The independent variables in this study were plant distance, residence time, and plant root depth. The parameters observed were TSS (total suspended solid), TDS (total dissolved solid). The stratified filter consists of an arrangement of gravel, charcoal and sand, and the residence time is divided into a maximum of 60 days while waiting for the plants to thrive. The methods used are: Cleaning all WWTP ponds, preparing vetiver and hydroponic plants, preparing 3” PVC and holes, preparing multilevel filter gabions with weir mesh and plates, preparing multilevel filter materials, namely sand, gravel, and coconut shell charcoal. The implementation is: 3 multilevel filter packages, installation of fragrant root wetland plants in the 2nd pond, making fish and lotus ponds, aquaponics in WWTP. The data analysis method used is factor analysis. The results of the analysis show statistical similarities between vetiver plants and wastewater quality parameters, the formula is TSS = 142,395–1,865 * Wetland + e dan TDS = 1007,441–9,839 * Wetland + e. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of multilevel filters, vetiver ponds, fish lotus ponds, aquaponics will significantly reduce the TSS and TDS parameters.

Keywords: clean water, waste water, wetland, lotus fish pond

[1] Umar MA, Baiquni M, Ritohardoyo S. Peran masyarakat dan pemerintah dalam pengelolaan air limbah domestik di wilayah Ternate Tengah. Maj Geogr Indones. 2011;25(1):42–54.

[2] Wisesa DM, Slamet A. Perencanaan Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah di Rumah Susun Tanah Merah Surabaya. J Tek ITS. 2016;5(2):1–5.

[3] Khairunnisa, “Proses Pengolahan Air Limbah dan Penentuan Beberapa Parameter Mutu Air limbah di PDAM Tirtanadi IPA Limbah Cemara.” Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2017.

[4] Sutrisno. Teknologi Penyediaan Air Bersih. 2nd ed. Jakarta: PT Rineka Cipta; 1991.

[5] Bisri M, Wulandari LK. Quality improvement of blackwater using filter materials and cattail. Int J Sci Technol Res. 2019;8(6):258–261.

[6] Mende JCC, Kumurur VA, Moniaga IL. “Kajian Sistem Pengelolaan Air Limbah pada Permukiman di Kawasan Sekitar Danau Tondano (Studi Kasus: Kecamatan Remboken Kabupaten Minahasa).” Sabua J Lingkung Binaan dan Arsit. 2015;7(1):395–406.

[7] Wulandari LK. “Determining the maximum discharge of blackwater in the treatment using wetland system.” Int J Sci Eng Sci. 2019;3(10):11– 17. [Online]. Available: https://www.academia.edu/download/61588480/71-IJSESV3N920191223- 47803-ts3746.pdf

[8] Besson M, Berger S, Tiruta-barna L, Paul E, Spérandio M. Environmental assessment of urine, black and grey water separation for resource recovery in a new district compared to centralized wastewater resources recovery plant. J Clean Prod. 2021;301:126868.

[9] Hawkins BT, Sellgren KL, Cellini E, J D Klem E, Rogers T, Lynch BJ, et al. Remediation of suspended solids and turbidity by improved settling tank design in a smallscale, free-standing toilet system using recycled blackwater. Water Environ J. 2019 Feb;33(1):61–6.

[10] Mulia R. Kesehatan Lingkungan. 1st ed. Jakarta: Graha Ilmu; 2005.

[11] Abdel-Shafy HI, El-Khateeb MA, Shehata M. “Blackwater treatment via combination of sedimentation tank and hybrid wetlands for unrestricted reuse in Egypt.” J Desalin Water Treat. 2017;71:145–151.

[12] Wulandari LK, Munasih M, Priskasari E. “The modification of communal wastewater treatment plant (IPAL) Tlogomas Malang using sand filter.” Int J Sci Eng Sci. 2019;3(7). [Online]. Available: http://eprints.itn.ac.id/5337/

[13] Yulistyorini A, Pratama MMA, Al Ansyorie MM, Idfi G, Roro R. “Peningkatan Pengetahuan Sanitasi Masyarakat Kampung Tridi Kota Malang Melalui Sosialisasi Septic Tank Untuk Pemukiman Padat Penduduk.” Aptekmas J Pengabdi Kpd Masy. 2020;3(2). [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/ https://doi.org/10.36257/apts.vxix..

[14] Soemirat J. Kesehatan Lingkungan. 1st ed. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press; 2009.

[15] Wimbaningrum R, Arianti I, Sulistiyowati H. Efektivitas Tanaman Lembang (Typha angustifolia L.) di Lahan Basah Buatan Dalam Penurunan Kadar TSS, BOD dan Fosfat Pada Air Limbah Industri Laundry. Berk SAINSTEK. 2020;8(1):25–28.

[16] Spångberg J, Tidåker P, Jönsson H. Environmental impact of recycling nutrients in human excreta to agriculture compared with enhanced wastewater treatment. Sci Total Environ. 2014 Sep;493:209–219.

[17] Yuliani E, Wulandari LK. The effect of sand filter and wetland residence time on the decrease of blackwater parameters. Int J Civ Eng Technol. 2019;10(5):583–589.

[18] Nurmayanti D. Marlik, and N. Haidah, “Efektivitas pasir kuarsa dan pasir hitam dalam pengolahan limbah blackwater. Politeknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan Surabaya; 2019.

[19] Wulandari LK, Munasih M, Priskasari E. Coconut shell charcoal as filter material for blackwater purification. Int J Sci Eng Sci. 2019;3(6):24–29.

[20] Florentino AP, Xu R, Zhang L, Liu Y. Anaerobic digestion of blackwater assisted by granular activated carbon: From digestion inhibition to methanogenesis enhancement. Chemosphere. 2019 Oct;233:462–71.

[21] Adi W, Sari SP, Umroh U. Efektifitas Filter Bahan Alami Dalam Perbaikan Kualitas Air Masyarakat Nelayan Wilayah Pesisir Kabupaten Bangka. Akuatik J Sumberd Perair. 2014;8(2):34–9.

[22] Dorji U, Tenzin U, Dorji P, Pathak N, Johir MA, Volpin F, et al. Exploring shredded waste PET bottles as a biofilter media for improved on-site sanitation. Process Saf Environ Prot. 2021;148:370–381.

[23] Sakurai KS, Pompei CM, Tomita IN, Santos-Neto ÁJ, Silva GH. Hybrid constructed wetlands as post-treatment of blackwater: An assessment of the removal of antibiotics. J Environ Manage. 2021 Jan;278(Pt 2):111552.

[24] Lu S, Gao X, Wu P, Li W, Bai X, Sun M, et al. Assessment of the treatment of domestic sewage by a vertical-flow artificial wetland at different operating water levels. J Clean Prod. 2019;208:649–655.

[25] Ambarwati Y, Bahri S. Fitoremidiasi limbah logam berat dengan tumbuhan akar wangi (Vetiveria zizanioides L). Anal Anal Environ Chem. 2018;3(2):139–147.

[26] Rinarti A, Kamil IM. Penggunaan Tanaman Akar Wangi (Vetiveria zizanioides) untuk Menyisihkan Logam Timbal pada Tanah Tercemar Lindi Studi Kasus: Leuwigajah, Kota Cimahi. J Tek Lingkung. 2010;16(1):21–30.

[27] Wulandari LK, Bisri M, Harisuseno D, Yuliani E. “Reduction of {BOD} and {COD} of by using stratified filter and constructed wetland for blackwater treatment.” {IOP} Conf. IOP Conf Series Mater Sci Eng. 2019 Jan;469(1):12024.

[28] Abdulgani H, Izzat M, Sudarmo. “Pengolahan LIimbah Cair Industri Kerupuk Dengan Sistem Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland Menggunakan Tanaman Typha Angustifolia.” BIOMA. 2014;16(1):90–101.

[29] Astuti AD, Lindu M, Yanidar R, Kleden MM. Kinerja Subsurface Constructed Wetland Multylayer Filtration Tipe Aliran Vertikal Dengan Menggunakan Tanaman Akar Wangi (Vetivera zozanoides) dalam Penyisihan BOD Dan COD Dalam Air Limbah Kantin. J Penelit Dan Karya Ilm Lemb Penelit Univ Trisakti. 2017;1(2):91–108.

[30] Wulandari LK, Bisri M, Harisuseno D, Yuliani E. Application of stratified filter and wetland to stabilize the temperature and pH of blackwater. Int J Civ Eng Technol. 2018;9(6):1574–1582.

[31] Quan Q, Shen B, Zhang Q, Ashraf MA. “Research on phosphorus removal in artificial wetlands by plants and their photosynthesis.” Brazilian Arch Biol Technol. 2016;59. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2016160506