KnE Social Sciences
ISSN: 2518-668X
The latest conference proceedings on humanities, arts and social sciences.
Analysis of Governance Complexity on Subsidized LPG in Indonesia: A Three-level Institutional Approach
Published date: Mar 06 2023
Journal Title: KnE Social Sciences
Issue title: IAPA 2022 International Conference and International Indonesia Conference on Interdisciplinary Studies (IICIS)
Pages: 36–55
Authors:
Abstract:
Subsidized liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) policies aim to ensure the efficient and effective supply and distribution of LPG so that the benefits of subsidies are on target. However, there is a gap between planned policies and actual reality. However, in order to achieve better governance of subsidized LPG policies, the causes of inconsistencies must be analyzed by the government. In this paper, we analyze the governance of subsidized LPG policies based on an institutional theory approach using the three levels of analysis and outcomes framework to find out the causes of policy inconsistencies by exploring policy structures and subsidized LPG management. The author proposes that this framework should be integrated into the improvement of subsidized LPG management and strategies. Further research is needed to analyze the impact and consequences of LPG transformation policies to estimate the benefits and challenges of implementing policy reforms.
Keywords: liquid petroleum gas, subsidy policy, governance, institutional analysis
References:
[1] Budya H, Arofat MY. Providing cleaner energy access in Indonesia through the megaproject of kerosene conversion to LPG. Energy Policy [Internet]. 2011;39(12):7575–86. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421511001534
[2] Hartono D, Hastuti SH, Balya AA, Pramono W. Modern energy consumption in Indonesia: Assessment for accessibility and affordability. Energy Sustain Dev [Internet]. 2020;57:57–68. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0973082620302398
[3] Subakdo WA, Nugroho YA. In-Bound dan Out-Bound Logistic pada Distribusi LPG 3KG di Indonesia. J Univ Muhammadiyah Jakarta [Internet]. 2016(November):1–10. Available from: https://jurnal.umj.ac.id/index.php/semnastek/article/view/749
[4] Thoday K, Benjamin P, Gan M, Puzzolo E. The Mega Conversion Program from kerosene to LPG in Indonesia: Lessons learned and recommendations for future clean cooking energy expansion. Energy Sustain Dev [Internet]. 2018;46:71–81. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2018.05.011
[5] Umah A. Subsidi LPG Tertutup Dibahas 1 Dekade, Kenapa Nggak Jalan? [Internet]. CNBC Indonesia. 2021 [cited 2022 May 28]. Available from: https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20210409153731-4-236618/subsidi-lpgtertutup- dibahas-1-dekade-kenapa-nggak-jalan
[6] Ariefana P. Bogor Diteror LPG 3 Kg Oplosan, Hampir 1.000 Tabung Gas Beredar [Internet]. Suara.com. 2018. Available from: https://www.suara.com/news/2018/09/06/060000/bogor-diteror-lpg-3-kg-oplosanhampir- 1000-tabung-gas-beredar
[7] Marhaenjati B. Praktik Pengoplosan Gas di Jakbar, Negara Rugi 7 Miliar [Internet]. Beritasatu.com. 2021. Available from: https://www.beritasatu.com/megapolitan/756339/praktik-pengoplosan-gas-dijakbar- negara-rugi-7-miliar
[8] Andadari RK, Mulder P, Rietveld P. Energy poverty reduction by fuel switching. Impact evaluation of the LPG conversion program in Indonesia. Energy Policy. 2014 Mar;66:436–449.
[9] Sulistio J, Thoif A, Alindira AF. Conceptual model of supply chain structure mapping - a case of subsidized LPG commodity in Yogyakarta. In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering [Internet]. 2016. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0- 84960194585&doi=10.1088%2F1757-899X%2F105%2F1%2F012005&partnerID=40&md5=e0f5b164652247fe5654331c94525a60
[10] BKF. Kajian: Kebijakan Subsidi LPG Tabung 3 kg Tepat Sasaran [Internet]. Pusat Kebijakan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara, Badan Kebijakan Fiskal (BKF), Kementerian Keuangan (Kemenkeu). 2020 [cited 2021 Jun 24]. Available from: https://fiskal.kemenkeu.go.id/kajian/2020/07/06/093356342653278- kajian-kebijakan-subsidi-lpg-tabung-3kg-tepat-sasaran
[11] Rakhmayanti I. Kekhawatiran Efek Rusia-Ukraina Nyata, Harga LPG Naik! [Internet]. CNBC Indonesia. 2022. Available from: https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20220227135022-4-318794/kekhawatiranefek- rusia-ukraina-nyata-harga-lpg-naik
[12] Kraft, Michael E, Furlong SR. Public policy: Policy, analysis, and alternatives. Sixth. London: SAGE Publication Ltd; 2018.
[13] Ostrom E. Institutional rational choice: An assessment of the institutional analysis and develompment framework. In: Sabatier PA, editor. Theories of the Policy Process. Colorado, United States: Westview Press; 2007. p. 21–64.
[14] Ilyas M. Penegakan Hukum Dalam Tindak Pidana Pengurangan Volume Gas Elpiji 3 Kg Oleh Pengisian Bulk Elpiji di Tingkat Penyidikan Dihubungkan Dengan KUHP [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://repository.unpas.ac.id/31703/
[15] Sayyida R, Akhmaddhian S. Penegakan Hukum terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Pengoplos Tabung Gas LPG Bersubsidi. 2022;1(1):1–7. Available from: https://journal.uniku.ac.id/index.php/logika/article/download/2558/3013
[16] Aryadi D, Rosadi O, Rosmelly W. Penyidikan Tindak Pidana Penyalahgunaan Gas Elpiji Bersubsidi Pada Satuan Reserse Kriminal Polres Sawahlunto. UNES J Swara Justisia [Internet]. 2020 Apr 30;4(1):30. Available from: https://www.swarajustisia.unespadang.ac.id/index.php/UJSJ/article/view/143
[17] Hamzah AM, Haq N, Makassar UM, Makassar UM, Makassar UM. Manajemen Kebijakan Subsidi Liquefied Petroleum Gas ( Lpg ) Tabung 3 Kg Di Kecamatan Bajeng Barat. 2022;3(1). Available from: https://journal.unismuh.ac.id/index.php/kimap/article/view/7700
[18] Ramadhan T, Liesmana R, Putera RE. Pengawasan Pendistribusian Gas LPG 3 Kg Bersubsidi di Kota Padang. J Adm Publik … [Internet]. 2020; Available from: https://ppjp.ulm.ac.id/journals/index.php/jpp/article/view/2482
[19] Nurbani SN. Rancangan Distribusi Lpg 3 Kg Berdasarkan Kebijakan Distribusi Sistem Tertutup Di Wilayah Pemasaran Kota Bandung. J@ti Undip J Tek Ind. 2020;14(3):149.
[20] Rafie TB. SIMOL3K, strategi Pertamina salurkan LPG 3 Kg [Internet]. Kontan.co.id. 2014 [cited 2022 Sep 17]. Available from: https://industri.kontan.co.id/news/simol3kstrategi- pertamina-salurkan-lpg-3-kg
[21] Fachri F. Pertamina Dorong Pembayaran “Cashless” di Agen Elpiji [Internet]. Republika.co.id. 2019. Available from: https://www.republika.co.id/berita/pvowdw458/pertamina-dorong-pembayarancashless- di-agen-elpiji
[22] Anggara B, Abdullah S. Pelaksanaan Pengawasan Dinas Perindustrian Dan Perdagangan Kota Pekanbaru Dalam Pendistribusian Gas Lpg 3 Kg Di Kota Pekanbaru. PUBLIKA J Ilmu Adm Publik [Internet]. 2017;3(2):248–261. Available from: https://journal.uir.ac.id/index.php/JIAP/article/view/3572
[23] Lestari DS, Akhyary E, Kurnianingsih F. Pengawasan Distribusi Gas Elpiji 3 Kg Oleh Dinas Perdagangan Dan Perindustrian Kota Tanjungpinang (Studi Kasus Kelurahan Pinang Kencana). Student Online J [Internet]. 2021;2(1):291–298. Available from: https://soj.umrah.ac.id/index.php/SOJFISIP/article/view/849
[24] Ismail. Pendistribusian Gas Elpiji 3 Kg Oleh SPPBE Pt.Titian Kaltim Di Kota Samarinda Berdasarkan Peraturan Presiden Nomor 104 Tahun 2007 Tentang Penyediaan, Pendistribusian Dan Penetapan Harga Liquefied Petroleum Gas Tabung 3 Kilogram. Univ 17 Agustus 1945 Samarinda, Indones [Internet]. 2021;13(April):15–38. Available from: http://ejurnal.untag-smd.ac.id/index.php/DD/article/view/5641
[25] Aryani I, Syarvina W. Distribution analysis and distribution of 3 Kg LPG gas sales allocations (Case Study Of PT. Sintora Putra Gasindo). J Ekon Manajemen, Akunt dan … [Internet]. 2022;3(2):493–500. Available from: https://penerbitadm.com/index.php/JURNALEMAK/article/view/486
[26] Sentosa I, Ali D. Tindak Pidana Penyimpanan Gas LPG 3 Kg Tanpa Izin Usaha Penyimpanan. J Ilm Mhs Bid Huk Pidana [Internet]. 2017; Available from: http://www.jim.unsyiah.ac.id/pidana/article/view/13045
[27] Astuti SP, Day R, Emery SB. A successful fuel transition? Regulatory instruments, markets, and social acceptance in the adoption of modern LPG cooking devices in Indonesia. Energy Res Soc Sci [Internet]. 2019 Dec;58( July):101248. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2019.101248
[28] Kuehl J, Maulidia M, Bajaj K, Boelts S. LPG subsidy reform in Indonesia. 2021;(May). Available from: https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2021-05/lpg-subsidyreform- indonesia.pdf Kuehl J, Maulidia M, Bajaj K, Boelts S. LPG Subsidy Reform in Indonesia. 2021;(May). Available from: https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2021-05/lpgsubsidy- reform-indonesia.pdf.