Published date: Mar 25 2021

Journal Title: KnE Life Sciences

Issue title: The 2nd International Scientific Meeting on Public Health and Sports (ISMoPHS 2020)

Pages: 22–31

DOI: 10.18502/kls.v0i0.8864

Nisa Dieni UtamiBachelor of Nursing Student, Department of Nursing, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia

Niken Safitri Dyan Kusumaningrumniken.safitridk@fk.undip.ac.idDepartment of Nursing, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia

Physical activity plays an important role in controlling blood glucose levels and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disorders in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). DM patients should follow the principle of FITT (frequency, intensity, type and time) while doing a physical activity, which has a direct effect on their health condition. However, the identification of physical activity in DM patients with hypertension is still limited. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the effect of physical activity on DM patients with hypertension. Accordingly, this cross-sectional study included patients with hypertension, aged 18–65 years, able to communicate verbally, and visiting a public healthcare centre in Semarang between February and March 2020. The Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire (BPAQ) was used to identify the physical activities done by the participants. Quantitative data analysis revealed the distribution of frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. A total of 150 respondents participated in the study, mostly in late adulthood (54.7%), women (68%), and having DM with hypertension for one–five years. The results showed that 40.7% of the respondents had a low level of physical activity, of which 46% did not play any sport and 92.7% had low occupational physical activity. The average leisure time index was 2.31 ± 0.6, which means that most of them did a few physical activities during leisure time. It is concluded that since many DM patients with hypertensions were categorized as having low level of physical activity, this may affect their blood glucose level and blood pressure.

Keywords: blood glucose, blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, physical activity

[1] Chatterjee, S., Khunti, K. and Davies, M. J. (2017). Type 2 Diabetes. Lancet, vol. 389, issue 10085, pp. 2239–51.

[2] Kusumaningrum, N. S. D., Hidayati, W. and Muin, M. (2020). Prediabetes and the Contributing Factors: A Study in Semarang, Central Java. J Keperawatan Soedirman (The Soedirman J Nursing), vol. 15, issue 2, pp. 39–48.

[3] American Diabetes Association. (2017). ADA Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes. J Clin Appl Reseacrh Educ., vol. 40, January issue, pp. 51–135.

[4] Walther, D., et al. (2017). Hypertension, Diabetes and Lifestyle in the Long-Term — Results from a Swiss Population-Based Cohort. Prev Med (Baltim), vol. 97, pp. 56–61.

[5] Herawati, R. (2019). Prevalensi Hipertensi Pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus. Jurnal Biomedika, vol. 12, issue 1, pp. 41–6.

[6] Joseph, N. (2018). Orang Yang Punya Diabetes Harus Waspada Dengan Risiko Kena Hipertensi.

[7] Indonesian Endocrinology Association. (2015). Consensus of Management and Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Indonesia. Jakarta: PERKENI.

[8] The Canadian Diabetes Association. (2020). Physical Activity. Diabetes Canada, vol. 37, issue Supplement 1, p. 2–5.

[9] Istiyawanti, H., et al. (2019). Gambaran Perilaku Self Care Management Pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, vol. 7, issue1, pp. 155–61.

[10] Baecke, J. A., Burema, J. and Frijters, J. E. (1982). A Short Questionnaire for the Measurement of Habitual Physical Activity in Epidemiological Studies. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. vol. 36, issue 5, pp. 936–42.

[11] Chairani, F. and Kusumaningrum, N. S. D. (2014). Aktivitas Fisik Pada Diabetisi Di Persatuan Diabetes Indonesia (Persadia) Salatiga. Jurnal Keperawatan Komunitas, vol. 2, issue 1, pp. 20–4.

[12] World Health Organization. (2018). Physical Activity. Retrieved February 23, 2018 from https://www. who.int.

[13] Martinez, E. Z., et al. (2019). Association between Diabetes, Hypertension, Activities of Daily Living and Physical Activity among Elderly Users of Primary Healthcare Facilities. Revista Brassileira de Cineantropometria e Desempenho Humano. vol. 21, issue 55, p. 149.

[14] Duclos, M. (2015). Physical Activity in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension – Insights into Motivations and Barriers from the MOBILE Study. Vascular Health and Risk Management, vol. 11, pp. 361–71.

[15] Steeves, J. A., et al. (2015). Daily Patterns of Physical Activity by Type 2 Diabetes Definition: Comparing Diabetes, Prediabetes, and Participants with Normal Glucose Levels in NHANES 2003-2006. Preventive Medicine Reports, vol. 2, pp. 152–7.

[16] Sigal, R. J., et al. (2013). Physical Activity and Diabetes. Canadian Journal of Diabetes, vol. 37, issue 1, pp. 40–4.

[17] Oberg, E. (2007). Physical Activity Prescription: Our Best Medicine. Integrative Medicine, vol. 6, issue 5, pp.18–22.

[18] World Health Organization. (2017). Physical Activity for Patients with Diabetes. (vol. 1). Geneva: World Health Organisation.

[19] Zinman, B., et al. (2003). Physical Activity/Exercise and Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care, vol. 26, issue 1, pp. 73–7.

[20] Hamasaki, H. (2016). Daily Physical Activity and Type 2 Diabetes: A Review. World Journal of Diabetes, vol. 7, issue 12, pp. 243–51.

[21] Sam, N., Hariati, L. and Jusniar, R. (2017). Analisis Hubungan Activity of Daily Living (ADL), Aktivitas Fisik, Dan Kepatuhan Diet Terhadap Kadar Gula Darah Pasien Diabetes Melitus Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Poasia. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kesehatan Masyarakat, vol. 2, issue 7, pp. 1–12.

[22] Rapina, R. and Saftarina, F. (2020). Penatalaksanaan Hipertensi Tingkat 2 Dan Diabetes Mellitus Tipe II Pada Wanita Usia 53 Tahun Dengan Pendekatan Dokter Keluarga Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Lampung. Jurnal Medula Unila, vol. 7, issue 2, pp. 95–102.

[23] Setyorini, E., Winta, A. and Wulandari, N. (2018). Hubungan Kadar Gula Darah Dengan Tekanan Darah Lansia Penderita Diabetes Tipe 2. Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan, vol. 5, issue 2, pp. 163–71.

[24] Sari, G. (2017). Faktor Risiko Yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Terjadinya Hipertensi Pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe II Di Wilayah Puskesmas Kabupaten Pati. Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas, vol. 2, issue 2, pp. 54–61.

[25] Sigal, R., et al. (2018). Physical Activity and Diabetes. Canadian Journal of Diabetes, vol. 42, pp. 54–63.

[26] Sadarangani, K. P., et al. (2019). Leisure Time Physical Activity Is Associated with Better Metabolic Control in Adults with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study from Two Public Hospitals in Chile. Primary Care Diabetes, vol. 13, issue 4, pp. 360–9.