KnE Life Sciences

ISSN: 2413-0877

The latest conference proceedings on life sciences, medicine and pharmacology.

Linezolid as a Treatment for Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis: A Literature Review

Published date: Oct 04 2024

Journal Title: KnE Life Sciences

Issue title: 4th International Conference in Social Science (4th ICONISS): Healthcare

Pages: 175–187

DOI: 10.18502/kls.v8i2.17370

Authors:

Rhea Veda Nugrahadr.rheaveda@gmail.comDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Cimahi

Tazkia FauziyyahFaculty of Medicine, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Cimahi

Nafisa Silmi KaffahFaculty of Medicine, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Cimahi

Abstract:

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) emerges when Mycobacterium tuberculosis develops resistance to both rifampicin and isoniazid, representing a significant threat that undermines global efforts to combat tuberculosis. The unfavorable prognosis of MDR-TB can be attributed to prolonged treatment duration, the utilization of multiple medications, and the adverse effects associated with drug therapy. This drug moved from Group C (third line) in 2016 and Group 5 (unclear efficacy) in 2011. This is a synthetic oxazolidinone antimicrobial drug and a non-selective mono oxidase inhibitor. Antimicrobials that are both vulnerable to and resistant to gram-positive bacteria can be effectively combatted by linezolid. This study investigates and appraises the utilization of linezolid as a therapeutic intervention in individuals afflicted with MDR-TB, while also scrutinizing the pharmacological attributes of the drug. We also discuss Linezolid’s safety, efficacy, and tolerability for treating MDR-TB. Linezolid medication should be utilized for most patients and is a part of more recent short-course regimens since it has been known to increase the success rate of treatment of DR-TB by increasing the conversion sputum rate. However, primarily hematologic and neurologic, linezolid toxicity is typically treatment-limiting yet should be monitored. Recent studies suggest that dose modification and intermittency can reduce linezolid toxicity. Also, using linezolid in the regimen potentially reduces the treatment duration, but it needs further research.

Keywords: efficacy, linezolid, safety, MDR-TB, tolerability

References:

[1] Brown EG, Dooley DS, Smith K. Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Survival Guide for Clinicians. 3rd ed. Berkeley, CA, USA: Curry International Tuberculosis Center; 2016.

[2] World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2022. Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2022.

[3] World Health Organization. What is New in the WHO Consolidated Guidelines on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment? Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2019.

[4] Alcalá L, Ruiz-Serrano MJ, Pérez-Fernández Turégano C, García De Viedma D, Díaz-Infantes M, Marín-Arriaza M, et al. In vitro activities of linezolid against clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that are susceptible or resistant to first-line antituberculous drugs. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 Jan;47(1):416–7.

[5] Dietze R, Hadad DJ, McGee B, Molino LP, Maciel EL, Peloquin CA, et al. Early and extended early bactericidal activity of linezolid in pulmonary tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008 Dec;178(11):1180–5.

[6] Cynamon MH, Klemens SP, Sharpe CA, Chase S. Activities of several novel oxazolidinones against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a murine model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1999 May;43(5):1189–91.

[7] French G. Safety and tolerability of linezolid. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2003 May;51(90002 Suppl 2):ii45–53.

[8] Ford CW, Hamel JC, Stapert D, Moerman JK, Hutchinson DK, Barbachyn MR, et al. Oxazolidinones: new antibacterial agents. Trends Microbiol. 1997 May;5(5):196–200.

[9] Bagcchi S. WHO’s global tuberculosis report 2022. Lancet Microbe. 2023 Jan;4(1):e20.

[10] Lange C, Dheda K, Chesov D, Mandalakas AM, Udwadia Z, Horsburgh CR Jr. Management of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Lancet. 2019 Sep;394(10202):953–66.

[11] Katzung BG (Masters SB, editor). Basic & Clinical Pharmacology. 12th ed. California: McGraw Hill; 2013. p. 817.

[12] Dryden MS. Linezolid pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in clinical treatment. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011 May;66 Suppl 4:iv7–15.

[13] Azzouz A, Preuss CV. Linezolid. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023.

[14] National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 441401. Linezolid; 2023.[ [cited 2023 Jun 27]].

[15] Hashemian SM, Farhadi T, Ganjparvar M. Linezolid: a review of its properties, function, and use in critical care. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2018 Jun;12:1759–67.

[16] Bolhuis MS, van Altena R, van Soolingen D, de Lange WC, Uges DR, van der Werf TS, et al. Clarithromycin increases linezolid exposure in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients. Eur Respir J. 2013 Dec;42(6):1614–21.

[17] Zhao W, Zheng M, Wang B, Mu X, Li P, Fu L, et al. Interactions of linezolid and secondline anti-tuberculosis agents against multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro and in vivo. Int J Infect Dis. 2016 Nov;52:23–8.

[18] Brier ME, Stalker DJ, Aronoff GR, Batts DH, Ryan KK, O’Grady M, et al. Pharmacokinetics of linezolid in subjects with renal dysfunction. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 Sep;47(9):2775–80.

[19] Jaspard M, Butel N, El Helali N, Marigot-Outtandy D, Guillot H, Peytavin G, et al. Linezolid-associated neurologic adverse events in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, France. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020 Aug;26(8):1792–800.

[20] Wunderink RG, Niederman MS, Kollef MH, Shorr AF, Kunkel MJ, Baruch A, et al. Linezolid in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nosocomial pneumonia: a randomized, controlled study. Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Mar;54(5):621–9.

[21] Ma A, Dong M, Cheng J, Liao X, Dong W, Liu C, et al. Clinical efficacy and safety of linezolid in intensive care unit patients. J Intensive Med. 2022 Jul;3(1):65–72.

[22] Rodvold KA, McConeghy KW. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus therapy: past, present, and future. Clin Infect Dis. 2014 Jan;58 Suppl 1:S20–7.

[23] Conradie F, Diacon AH, Ngubane N, Howell P, Everitt D, Crook AM, et al.; Nix-TB Trial Team. Treatment of highly drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis. N Engl J Med. 2020 Mar;382(10):893–902.

[24] Esmail A, Oelofse S, Lombard C, Perumal R, Mbuthini L, Goolam Mahomed A, et al. An all-oral 6-month regimen for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a multicenter, randomized controlled clinical trial (the NExT study). Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022 May;205(10):1214–27.

[25] Singla R, Caminero JA, Jaiswal A, Singla N, Gupta S, Bali RK, et al. Linezolid: an effective, safe and cheap drug for patients failing multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment in India. Eur Respir J. 2012 Apr;39(4):956–62.

[26] Anger HA, Dworkin F, Sharma S, Munsiff SS, Nilsen DM, Ahuja SD. Linezolid use for treatment of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, New York City, 2000-06. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010 Apr;65(4):775–83.

[27] Vinh DC, Rubinstein E. Linezolid: a review of safety and tolerability. J Infect. 2009 Sep;59 Suppl 1:S59–74.

[28] Gillman PK. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, opioid analgesics and serotonin toxicity. Br J Anaesth. 2005 Oct;95(4):434–41.

[29] Frykberg RG, Gordon S, Tierney E, Banks J. Linezolid-Associated Serotonin Syndrome. A Report of Two Cases. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2015 May;105(3):244–8.

[30] Woytowish MR, Maynor LM. Clinical relevance of linezolid-associated serotonin toxicity. Ann Pharmacother. 2013 Mar;47(3):388–97.

[31] Belousoff MJ, Eyal Z, Radjainia M, Ahmed T, Bamert RS, Matzov D, et al. Structural basis for linezolid binding site rearrangement in the Staphylococcus aureus ribosome. MBio. 2017 May;8(3):10–128.

[32] Long KS, Vester B. Resistance to linezolid caused by modifications at its binding site on the ribosome. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012 Feb;56(2):603–12.

[33] Wang Y, Lv Y, Cai J, Schwarz S, Cui L, Hu Z, et al. A novel gene, optrA, that confers transferable resistance to oxazolidinones and phenicols and its presence in Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium of human and animal origin. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015 Aug;70(8):2182–90.

[34] Sharkey LK, Edwards TA, O’Neill AJ. ABC-F proteins mediate antibiotic resistance through ribosomal protection. MBio. 2016 Mar;7(2):e01975.

Download
HTML
Cite
Share
statistics

4 Abstract Views

16 PDF Downloads