Published date: Jun 07 2022

Journal Title: KnE Life Sciences

Issue title: The First Asian PGPR Indonesian Chapter International e-Conference 2021

Pages: 382–392

DOI: 10.18502/kls.v7i3.11146

I Nengah Simpennengahsimpen@unud.ac.idDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University, Indonesia

I Nyoman Suprapta WinayaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Udayana University, Indonesia

I Dewa Gede Ary SubagiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Udayana University, Indonesia

I Wayan Budiarsa SuyasaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University, Indonesia

In the esterification-transesterification method, a catalyst increases the reaction rate to produce biofuel (biodiesel). This study investigated the use of a solid catalyst consisting of green nano-CaO as a support modified by KOH solution and sulfated TiO2 for converting waste frying oil (WFO) into biodiesel in a single-step esterification-transesterification reaction. With nano-CaO prepared from eggshell, a green nanocomposite of CaO/K-sulfated TiO2 was synthesized by physical mixing and the hydrothermal method. Crystallite size, surface basicity-acidity, functional groups, and surface morphology were used to characterize the solid catalyst, which was then tested for its ability to convert WFO into biodiesel. The results showed that green-CaO had nanoparticles (93.13 nm) and that its size decreased after being modified with KOH (46.43 nm) and sulfated TiO2 (62.10 nm), with CaO/K-sulfated TiO2 being the optimum surface acidity-basicity. The optimum conditions for conversion were found to be 5% catalyst concentration to oil, a molar ratio of methanol/oil of 9:1, and a reaction time of 60 minutes, which resulted in a biodiesel mass yield of 94.17% higher than CaO/K (67.88%). WFO was successfully converted into fatty acid methyl esters, according to the GC-MS analysis of the biodiesel. The synthesized solid catalyst has the potential to be used in single-step esterification-transesterification reactions to produce biodiesel.

Keywords: Biofuel, CaO/K-sulfated TiO2Green Nano-composite, Eggshell, Single-step Reaction, Waste Frying Oil

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